Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
All matter is composed of
A
Elements of diff. Types
2
Q
Elements naturally occur as
A
Atoms
3
Q
Atoms can be found
A
Solo or found together in molecules
4
Q
Molecules are the result of
A
Two or more atoms bounded together chemically
5
Q
Not all molecules are
A
Compounds
6
Q
Water molecule has slight…… Why?
A
Negative and positive charge, oxygen is more electromagnetic
7
Q
Positive charges are near… And the negative are near
A
Hydrogen, oxygen
8
Q
Hydrogen bonds are what keeps water at
A
Room temperature
9
Q
Due to slight electrical charges water molecules are
A
Attracted to each other
10
Q
Attraction of one molecule to another is called
A
Hydrogen bonding
11
Q
The colder water gets what happens to density until 4 degrees Celsius
A
Density increases , until 4 degrees when. They spread out again
12
Q
Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules
A
Cohesive
13
Q
The gas from of water is
A
Water vapor, humidity
14
Q
When molecules are closer together there is
A
Greater density
15
Q
Water … At 4 degrees Celsius and this is why ice
A
Expands, float
16
Q
Cold water…. Underneath warmer water
A
Sinks
17
Q
Colder water holds more .., than the same volume of water
A
Oxygen, good for organisms
18
Q
Ice is … Dense than liquid water due to the ….
A
Less, air trapped in it
19
Q
If ice did not float
A
Water would freeze form bottom up and everything would freeze
20
Q
Matter is anything that
A
Has mass and takes up space
21
Q
Water has high
A
Latent heat of melting, ice melts at Hugh temp and absorbs a great deal of heat as it does
22
Q
Heat capacity
A
Amount of heat required to raise a substances temperature by a given amount
23
Q
Amounts of water
A
61% freshwater in ice 30% underground 3% we have access to
24
Q
What place stores the most heat
A
Western Atlantic warm pool
25
High heat compactly is good for marine organisms why
Not subject to wide temp. Ranges like we are on land , exception is shallow water warms up quick because of small volume
26
Great deal of heat required for
Evaporation which is why water stays in ocean
27
Water acts as a solvent meaning
Things dissolve into it
28
Any substance dissolved in water is called a
Solute
29
Levels of solutes in water is called
Salinity
30
Main solutes dissolved in water... Measured in
Chloride and sodium, ppt part per thousand 1000 grams of water 35 grams of salt
31
Ocean water where it meets a river can be
15-25 ppt
32
Where can ppt be higher
If evaporation is high and no rivers lead into water
33
Water is relatively..... Good for .... Organisms... Level of penetration varies by
Transparent , photosynthetic, amount of solutes in the water
34
What is difference between Bahamas and Norht Carolina
Rivers dump solutes into North Carolina waters
35
First color to dissappear and at what feet
10 meters 33 feet red
36
Water comes from.. And to a lesser extent
Rivers, precipitation... Melting of polar ice caps symptom of sea level rising.... Thermal expansion
37
Solutes come from
Weathering of rocks, rivers that have solutes in them, hydrothermal vents
38
Anions chloride and sulfide come from
Volcanoes and places where magma comes up under water
39
CTions sodium potassium magnesium come from
Rivers and weathering
40
May gasses dissolved in sea water
Oxygen (source) carbon dioxide ( absorb sink)nitrogen(from waste)
41
Atmospheric Co2 is ... In ocean
High
42
Gasses dissolve at .... For, the atmosphere
Sea surface
43
Like other aerobic organisms many organisms in ocean utilize... And expel
Oxygen carbon dioxide
44
Under what condition does water hold the most dissolved gas
Cold
45
1 ATM equals..... And balloon decreases by
10 meters decrease balloon by a half
46
Differences seen in diff. Parts of ocean are due to
Circulation patterns
47
Circulation can occur as
Waves, tides, currents and gyres
48
Circulation is driven by
Wind patterns driven by sun, which is driven by heat
49
As sunlight heats air, the air
Rises and cool air takes place of the risen
50
Mid morning the wind is ... Vs at night
Onshore because land heats quicker
| Offshore because land cools quicker
51
Winds created in this pattern continuously at the equator are known as
Trade winds
52
Westerlies in .... And easterlies at ...... Are .... Than trade winds
Mid latitude, poles, less consistent
53
Current goes to the .... Of the trade winds
Right
54
In the northern hemisphere
Wind direction is up and current is 45 degrees to right
55
Waves are the result of
Wind blowing over waters surface
56
Size of wave depends on
How long and fast the wind blows
57
Fetch is the amount of
Open water a wind blows over
58
Highest pint of wave is... Lowest point is
Crest trough
59
Distance between two crests is
Wavelength
60
The time it takes wave to pass by set point is
Wave period
61
Waves transfer .... Water is not actually
Energy ... Moving
62
Waves do not move water... Does
Wind
63
As a wave nears the shore what happens
Bottom of wave drags the bottom which causes waves to slow and move together shorter wavelength... Drag causes wave crest to fall over is called a wave break
64
The surf caused from the ....displaces lots of .... Affecting organisms
Wave break.... Sand
65
Currents can be in ..... Layers of deeper water layers
Surface
66
Both winds and the currents they drive are affected by the
Coriolanus effect
67
Since earth is spinning it causes the
Deflection of winds and currents
68
Deflection causes currents to travel in circular patterns called
Gyres
69
Surface layer, intermediate, bottom layer
200 meters, well mixed ; 200-1500 temperature change and less mixing; below 1500 low mixing and uniformity cold
70
Where is the oldest deep water
North Pacific before it up wells
71
Water sinks due to changes in
Salinity and temperature down welling
72
Down welling brings gases from surface to
Deeper layers
73
Areas of upwelling come from
Currents that push deeper waters towards surface
74
Nutrients are more plentiful in
Deeper layers so areas of upwelling are beneficial for organisms in that area
75
Circulation is driven by... Which are
Tides. Rhythmic raising a and falling of the sea surface levels which are caused by gravitational pull form moon
76
Semi diurnal
Most locations have two high tides and two low tides a day
77
One high and one low tide a day is
Diurnal
78
High tide happens when moon is on
Horizon
79
Number and size of tides can be affected by
Bottom features and geographic features
80
Spring tides are when
Sun and moon are in line and tidal range is greater
81
Neap tides
When sun and moon are not aligned
82
Organisms living in areas exposed during low tide are affected greatly by
Spring tide
83
Movement of water during tidal changes
Significant mixing
84
Tidal are not tidal in nature but the result of
Extreme tectonic activity
85
Tsunamis are preceded
By acknowledged of water that appears as an extreme low tide
86
Recent tsunamis in
Indian Ocean and off coast of Japan
87
Comprises 85% of seawater
Sodium chloride
88
Rapid change in temperature with increasing depth
Thermocline
89
What does Secchi disk measure
Transparency and how much light penetrates
90
Place in water column where most intense part of water transport occurs due to waves and currents
Surface
91
Winds are driven by
Temperature
92
Causes deep surfCe currents to move 90 degrees in the northern hemisphere
Eichman spiral
93
Where does wind move in northern hemisphere
Down
94
What does tsunami result from
Wave reinforcement
95
Minimal tide range is caused by
Neap tide
96
What is the only substance that naturally occurs in three states
Water
97
Water is capable for transporting large amounts of .... Due to heat
Energy, capacity
98
Water is called the......because it can dissolve so many things
Universal
99
Salts are composed of oppositely charged particles called
Ions
100
Density is determined by
Salinity and temperature
101
What light penetrates the deepest
Blue
102
What does the colioris affect do
Deflects all large scale motions on earth's surface
103
Gyres
Major surface currents that form large circular systems
104
Tides are influence by
Location and body features like depth and shale of basin of water
