Chapter 6

Question 1

Algae are not plants because

Answer 1

They do not have same advanced structures like root, stem, and leaves

Question 2

Why do the structures of the thallus lack that plants have

Answer 2

Advanced conducting tissues

Question 3

Pneumatocysts

Answer 3

Gas filled bladders used to keep blades near water surface for light for photosynthesis

Question 4

Green algae phylum…. Mostly because only % are marine

Answer 4

Chlorphyta freshwater, 10%

Question 5

Brown Algae phylum, largest of the …..

Answer 5

Phaeophyta , marine

Question 6

Red algae phylum, has the most…., most are …

Answer 6

Rhodophyta , species, filamentous

Question 7

Brown algae is masked by

Answer 7

Fucoxanthins

Question 8

Red algae is masked by

Answer 8

Phycobilins

Question 9

Like plants, algae exhibit a life history marked by

Answer 9

Alteration of generations like butterfly

Question 10

Gametophyte stage

Answer 10

Produces gametes that fuse to become zygote

Question 11

Zygote develops into second stage called

Answer 11

Sporophyte hat produces spores

Question 12

Spores develop into

Answer 12

Gametophyte stage

Question 13

Algae can reproduce asexually by

Answer 13

Vegetative growth

Question 14

Algin is an extract of….. Used as an

Answer 14

Brown algae , emulsifier in dairy products

Question 15

Carrageenan is harvested from

Answer 15

Red algae, used as a thickening agent

Question 16

Agar is an extract from

Answer 16

Red algae, culture microbes in health industry , thickener, filler and protect canned foods

Question 17

How many species of green algae and how many marine, thought to be ancestor of….

Answer 17

7000,1000

Question 18

What size is green algae and what is it sometimes made of, store excess energy as…., what is in cell wall

Answer 18

Micro-macro, coralline (calcium carbonate halimeda), starch, cellulose

Question 19

How many species of brown algae and how many marine, sizes, what water do they prefer , examples

Answer 19

1500, most marine, some microscopic to 300+ feet , shallow cold, kelp sargassum fucus

Question 20

Giant kelp can be …of feet in length , the kelp… Provides habitat for species ,

Answer 20

100’s , forest

Question 21

Kelp forests are among he most……marine habitats

Answer 21

Productive

Question 22

Where is sargassum found

Answer 22

Atlantic between North America and Europe as well as the Gulf of Mexico

Question 23

What are massive floating mats of sargassum called

Answer 23

Sargasso Sea

Question 24

Red algae how many species how many marine, what water do they like?, some are….,

Answer 24

4000 mostly marine, deep cold or shallow warm depending on species, corraline (corralina)

Question 25

What are true plants, how many species

Answer 25

Angiosperms , over 250,000

Question 26

Are most angiosperms marines and if they are they must what

Answer 26

No; have mechanisms for dealing with salinity

Question 27

Sea grasses about ... Species exits in temperate and tropical; flowers are; how is pollen and seeds carried ?

Answer 27

60 , small and inconspicuous , water currents or in feces

Question 28

Sea grasses have.. Growth and provide... To many organisms

Answer 28

Rapid , food

Question 29

Sea grasses provide habitat through, what is the most widely distributed

Answer 29

Sea grass beds, eelgrass in shallow water bays and estuaries

Question 30

About species of mangroves exist only in tropical and subtropical areas , they cannot withstand... Temperatures

Answer 30

80, freezing

Question 31

They can only tolerate partial.... , they are a thick network of .... That are exposed at ... Tide

Answer 31

Salt water submergence , prop roots, low

Question 32

Seeds of mangroves germinate while....... And develop into elongated seedlings up to ..... Before falling from parent tree

Answer 32

Still attached to parent, 1 foot,

Question 33

Mangrove forests are called and can be thought of as tropical equivalent to....

Answer 33

Mangals, salt marshes

Question 34

Mangroves lie between

Answer 34

25n and 25s

Question 35

Where are mangroves rooted near

Answer 35

Intertidal zone

Question 36

Mangrove community can be divided into habitats such as

Answer 36

Above water forest habitat, interiors all swamp habitat, submerged sub tidal habitat

Question 37

4 of up to ...-.... Species worldwide along with... Species of flowering terrestrial

Answer 37

50-100, 60

Question 38

Zonation of species corresponds to , they have physiological adaption to ?

Answer 38

Sea level, extrude or exclude salt

Question 39

Four species can occur in...

Answer 39

Mixed stands

Question 40

Or they can occur in differentiated zones based on

Answer 40

Tidal influence Level of salinity Type of substrate

Question 41

Typically occur in dense stands with little or no....

Answer 41

Understory

Question 42

Root system of mangrove consists of , what two things does this allow them

Answer 42

Aerial roots and prop roots that intertwine over muddy substrate Increased stability to wave action Obtain oxygen from air as opposed to substrate

Question 43

Many species are .... When it comes to birth

Answer 43

Viviparous

Question 44

Roots for red, black and white

Answer 44

Prop and drop, peg roots, snorkel roots (pneumatophores)

Question 45

Ecology of shoreline

Answer 45

Stabilize soil, coastline protection, water quality, food web, refuge

Question 46

Generic term for seaweed

Answer 46

Macro algae

Question 47

Spartina marsh plants are

Answer 47

Plants bordering shallow bays and tidal creeks

Question 48

Cordgrass, spartina is the predominant ?

Answer 48

Salt marsh plant in grass family

Question 49

When is spartina exposed to saltwater

Answer 49

High tide

Question 50

Spartina is extremely important as a habitat to?

Answer 50

Young marine animals such as invertebrate and fish

Question 51

Very little spartina is directly consumed by?..... What is it importance

Answer 51

Herbivores, primary produce that when plants die back in winter no bacteria and fungus break down leaves to detritus

Question 52

Spartina posses salt glands to help deal with

Answer 52

Excess salt

Question 53

Other halophytes ??? Exist in areas of

Answer 53

Salt tolerant plants, elevation than spartina

Question 54

Red mangroves dominate the, reach heights of, what color wood, leaves, propagates are how long

Answer 54

Middle and lower portion of the intertidal zone, 25 cm., dark red, shiny, waxy, deep green above and pale underneath, 30 cm

Question 55

What kind of roots do red mangroves have

Answer 55

Prop roots

Question 56

Black mangroves predominate, reach heights of, what color bark, propagates

Answer 56

Upper intertidal into irregularly flooded higher elevation "high swamp", 20m, dark brown, leaves, narrow shiny green above and gray below encrusted with salt, Lima bean shape 2.5 cm

Question 57

Roots of black mangrove

Answer 57

Cable roots that radiate out of trunk and send up pneumatophores "snorkel roots"

Question 58

White mangroves predominate, height, bark, leaves, propagules

Answer 58

Irregularly flooded higher elevation also found in intertidal zone, 15m, gray brown, round oval and nectaries salt glands at apex , small and pear shaped 1cm

Question 59

White mangrove roots

Answer 59

Lack prop and pneumatophores , peg roots

Question 60

Buttonwood height, leaves , what forms seeds

Answer 60

18 m , erectus: green with little or no hairs sericus: silver with darker underside felt like, fruit not propagules