Tide Pool

Question 1

The intertidal borders the ?

Answer 1

Subtidal zone which is always submerged

Question 2

The intertidal zone is exposed during ?

Answer 2

Low tide

Question 3

The substrate in an intertidal zone can be ?

Answer 3

Soft or rocky

Question 4

Soft v. Rocky

Answer 4

Sand silt or mixture (mud)

Type of rock present and the degree or height of the slope

Question 5

Epifauna

Answer 5

Organisms that live on the surface of a substrate
Mud snails on soft
Barnacles on hard

Question 6

Infauna

Answer 6

Organisms that live in the substrate

Clams burrowed in soft bottoms

Question 7

Meiofauna

Answer 7

Organisms that are so small they live in between the grains of soft substrate
Attached: sessile
Or motile

Question 8

Organisms face a variety of challenges including

Answer 8

Desiccation
Temperature changes 
Salinity changes 
Interrupted feeding 
Wave action oxygen availability and build up of CO2
Limited space

Question 9

Water loss is more pronounced on what kinds of days , they deal with this potential water loss by?

Answer 9

Hot dry windy

Clamming up

Question 10

What does a snail use to clam up into or breathe ?

Answer 10

Operculum

Question 11

A motile organisms may move where to not lose water ?

Answer 11

Tide pool or area with more moisture

Question 12

Hiding may also mean that organisms live in places where postures remains like ?

Answer 12

Crevices in a rock or low spots in soft bottoms

Question 13

What is the downside of clamming up

Answer 13

No exchange of gas or feeding

Question 14

What are some mechanisms marine animals have to keep cool

Answer 14

They have a light color so it’s cooler

They have ridges in their shells to increase surface area

Question 15

How dramatically can salinity change , what is normal ocean salinity , estuarine salinity

Answer 15

40+ ppt
33-35 ppt
5-30’

Question 16

Organisms in the intertidal zone are ?

Organisms in the sub tidal zone are ?

Answer 16

Euryhaline : can tolerate large changes

Stenohaline: can tolerate little changes dealing with salinity

Question 17

Salinity may start at what ?

Answer 17

20-25
Goes down because of thunderstorm
Goes up because of water loss when intertidal is exposed

Question 18

When does feeding cease for filter feeders

Answer 18

When exposed to air, like barnacles

Question 19

How do snails feed at low tide

Answer 19

Scraping algae off surfaces

Question 20

For communities with semi diurnal tides an organism could?

Answer 20

Nearly half of their day in submerged and not feeding

Question 21

The degree of impact of waves affects , waves conform to shoreline in order of

Answer 21

Their distribution

Decreasing depth

Question 22

Waves are a disturbance to organisms living directly exposed by? Which type of shoreline is often exposed to them harsher, in soft bottom communities who is exposed to them ? Marsh communities?

Answer 22

Dislodging them from their habitat
Rocky shorelines
Open beaches
Not exposed to a lot because positioned behind open beach

Question 23

When can oxygen be exhausted

Answer 23

When an organisms clams up during low tide or if there are a lot of organisms living there

Question 24

When does carbon dioxide build up? Some species have

Answer 24

When organisms cannot exchange these gases with their environment
Evolved the capability to exchange gases in air and water-crabs

Question 25

Where is space the most limited , in soft bottoms space is limited why ?

Answer 25

Rocky intertidal environs,tons where surface area is limited Organisms prefer hard substrate like oyster reef so that they don't need to worry about washing away because of wave action

Question 26

Intertidal zone is the area between

Answer 26

Mean low tide and mean high tide

Question 27

Zonation consists of what levels

Answer 27

Upper intertidal | To middle and lower intertidal

Question 28

What is normally on the upper intertidal zone

Answer 28

Periwinkle , lichen , encrusting algae, limpets

Question 29

What is normally on middle

Answer 29

Barnacles , mussels, seaweed

Question 30

What is normally in lower intertidal

Answer 30

Seaweeds , surf grass

Question 31

Where is competition greater and why , it is always more .... Rich?

Answer 31

In lower intertidal because it is the least severe and exposed less Species

Question 32

What is distribution determined by

Answer 32

Toleration, competition, predation

Question 33

Little gray barnacles v. Rock barnacles

Answer 33

Gray can tolerate being higher up because can tolerate desiccation, however can't go too low because of competition from rock barnacles. Rock barnacles can't go high up because can't tolerate desiccation, don't go too low because predation of dog whelks and competition with mussels

Question 34

When one organism is a better competitor of another , it will outgrow the other when the environment is ?

Answer 34

Un disturbed

Question 35

If a habitat is disturbed , organisms move in and are later excluded in a predictable pattern known as

Answer 35

Succession

Question 36

What will form when the community is undisturbed for and extended period of time ?

Answer 36

Climax community

Question 37

Does a climax community have the highest diversity ?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Low disturbance means

Answer 38

The organisms best suited to resource acquisition will dominate

Question 39

High disturbance

Answer 39

The organisms most resisted to disturbance or rapidly colonizing will dominate

Question 40

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 40

Suggests that the highest diversity will occur when a middle or moderate amount of disturbance occurs

Question 41

The smaller the particles size the less ?

Answer 41

Oxygen that can fit in these spaces Clay , silt , sand , gravel .004,.062 ,2 mm

Question 42

The size also affects how ?

Answer 42

Water drains I'm coarse it drains quickly ,min fine it drains slowly In poorly sorted water is blocked

Question 43

The grain size in most intertidal communities is so ..... That all except the top few inches will be ?

Answer 43

Small , anoxic (without oxygen)

Question 44

In fauna must maintain a connection with oxygenated zones via

Answer 44

Tube, siphon, extended burrows

Question 45

What exists in the anoxic zone

Answer 45

Anaerobic bacteria the break down organics

Question 46

What forms the basis for soft bottom communities

Answer 46

Chemoautotrophs, detritus, photo autotrophs (producers)

Question 47

Who are the consumers in a soft bottom community

Answer 47

Detritus, suspension feeders( crabs sand crabs polychaetaes) , deposit feeders (polychaetes crabs) , carnivores (fishes birds moon snails)

Question 48

The food web in the rocky intertidal zone is based on

Answer 48

Autotrophs such as sea grasses, algae and diatoms

Question 49

Top carnivores in any community that have the ability to?

Answer 49

Change community composition significantly are known as keystone species