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Marine Biology > Chapter 4 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What four organic molecules make up living organisms

A

Lipids: fats keep warm
Proteins: building tissue, carbohydrates:energy make shell out of, nucleic acids: DNA

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2
Q

Marine organism that needs lipids

A

Photosynthetic

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3
Q

In photosynthesis plants algae and other autotrophs use

A

Pigments to capture energy in sunlight and used to build carbohydrates

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4
Q

The source of carbon for building carbohydrates is

A

Carbon dioxide , oxygen is released as byproduct

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5
Q

Whether heterotroph or autotroph still need to break down

A

Carbohydrates for energy

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6
Q

What is the process for breaking down carbohydrates for energy called

A

Cellular respiration

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7
Q

Respiration consumes…. And produces …… As byproducts

A

Oxygen….carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

Water turns into and oxygen turns into

A

Glucose and oxygen carbon dioxide

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9
Q

When autotrophs make more energy than they can sue the excess is called

A

Primary production, inorganic simple things into organic complex things

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10
Q

Organisms who perform primary production at called

A

Primary producers

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11
Q

Marine organisms are major source of

A

Worldwide primary production

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12
Q

Maine organisms require…. In Order to turn carbohydrates into other types of

A

Nutrients, molecules

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13
Q

The nutrients can include

A

Minerals vitamins and even raw elements

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14
Q

Two major groups based on cellular composition

A

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

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15
Q

Prokaryotic

A 
Lack nucleus 
Ribosomes
Circular ring of dna 
May have plasmids extra pieces of DNA
Cell wall normally present 
May have flagellum 
Unicellular
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16
Q

Eukaryotic

A

DNA in nucleus
Specialized organelles
Unicellular or multicellular

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17
Q

Atom

A

Fundamental unit of all matter; carbon,phosphorous

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18
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms joined chemically together; water, proteins

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19
Q

Organelle

A

Specialized features of cell; nucleus, mitochondrion

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20
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life; muscle cell, single cell organisms

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21
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells functioning as a unit; muscle tissue

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22
Q

Organ

A

Many tissues arranged into a structure with a. Specific purpose in the organism; stomach

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23
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs that work together; digestive system

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24
Q

Four organic molecules

A

Oxygen,hydrogen, carbon

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25
Population
Group of organisms of same species occurring in same habitat; all the Muscles on a stretch of rocky shore
26
Communities
All populations that exist in particular habitat, like coral reef; rocky shore community
27
Ecosystem
Combination of the community and the physical environment; nearshore ecosystem
28
Solutes move from areas of higher concentrations to areas of ........ Which is called
Diffusion
29
Movement from water from area of higher concentration to less concentrated area through semi permeable membrane
Osmosis
30
Marine organisms live in a very ..... Rich environment and have the tendency to
Solute-rich gain Solutes and lose water
31
If the water loss and solute gain is significant it can cause ..... So organisms need to find a way to deal with
Death of cells, osmosis/diffusion
32
Osmoconformers
Do not attempt to control solute water balance, internal concentration varies as salinity in water around them changes, can only tolerate very narrow range of salinity
33
Osmoregulators
Control internal concentrations, wider range of salinities, secrete very little urine or use specialized glands to secrete salts
34
Marine fish Osmoregulators
``` 35 ppt in ocean 14 ppt inside Water loss through osmosis in gills and skin Salt in pee Drinks in salt water Excreted by gills Pass through gut ```
35
Freshwater Osmoregulators
``` 0 ppt in water 14 ppt inside Water gained through osmosis through skin Not drink Salt absorbed by gills Large volume diluted in urine No salts enter gut ```
36
Ectotherms
Generate body heat metabolically but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature, dependent on surroundings
37
Poikilotherms
Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment, do not use metabolism
38
Many ectotherms are
Poikilotherms
39
Endotherms
Generate body heat metabolically and body temp. Does not match temperature of surrounding environment , birds and mammals
40
Homeotherms
These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature
41
Homeotherms are
Endotherms
42
Asexual reproduction
Not involve two individuals, young are produced by single parent , young are genetically identical
43
Types of asexual reproduction
Fission, budding, vegetative production
44
Fission
Splitting of organism into two smaller organisms of equal size
45
Budding
Organism develops buds that break off and become organism
46
Vegetative reproduction
Plant reproduces new individuals by ending underground stem, rhizome sideways which new plants will sprout
47
Sexual reproduction
Produce gametes that unite to produce new genetically unique individual
48
What produces egg/ sperm
Ovaries, testes
49
Broadcast spawning
Release eggs and sperm directly into water
50
In Spawning there has to be a .... Amount of gametes released in order to be effective. They release gametes according to
Large, moon phase, water temp. 8 days after first full moon
51
Internal fertilization
Copulatory organ insert Soren directly into females reproductive tract
52
Internal fertilization requires what? And how many gametes are needed for success
Contact between two parents, less gametes
53
Hermaphrodites
Male and female reproductive tissues either simultaneously or at different phases
54
Protandry
Spends first part of life as functional male then becomes female after some cue initiates change
55
Protogyny
An individual that spends the first portion of life as female then turns into male, most fish
56
Evolution is
Change in genetic makeup of pop. Over time
57
In wild genetically derived traits can give ...... Over his population
Survival/reproductive
58
If organism is a better survivor, more gametes will make it into
Next generation
59
Those organisms less advantaged may
Not survive or reproduce less
60
Natural selections strengthens the
Gene pool by eliminating less advantageous traits through lack of reproductive events
61
Taxonomy
Science of classifying and naming organisms
62
Classification by taxonomy is done by...
DNA and protein analysis, comparing embryos, fossil record, comparing internal and external body structures
63
Classifies from largest to smallest
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
64
In domain or kingdom there can be
Millions of different organisms
65
In a species there can be
One type of organism
66
What defines a species
Common characteristics and ability to breed successfully with other members of species (biological species concept)
67
Phylogenetics
Study of evolutionary relationships
68
Biologists use many factors to determine relatedness like
Structure, reproductive patterns, embryo logical or larval development, fossils, behavior or DNA /RNA
69
All compounds are
Molecules but not all molecules are compounds
70
Respiration uses what and what are the by products
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and water
71
What is it called when inorganic are turned into complex organic molecules
Carbon dioxide fixation

Marine Biology (16 decks)

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