Chapter 4 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Adipocytes
A
Lipid storage cells
2
Q
Adipose tissue
A
Specialized areolar tissues (connective tissue) rich in stored fat
3
Q
Anchoring junction
A
Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane
4
Q
Apical
A
That part of cell or tissue that faces an open space or the tip
5
Q
Apocrine secretion
A
Release of a substance along with apical portion of the cell
6
Q
Apoptosis
A
Programmed cell death, they are suppose to die
7
Q
Areolar tissue
A
Loose connective Tissue
Type of connective tissue that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in a matrix
8
Q
Astrocyte
A
Star shaped cell in central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contribute to blood-brain barrier
9
Q
Atrophy
A
Loss of mass or function
10
Q
Basal Lamina
A
Thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues
11
Q
Basement membrane
A
In epithelial tissue a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina
12
Q
Cardiac muscle
A
Heart muscle, involuntary control made of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus and contracts autonomously
13
Q
Cell Junction
A
Point of cell to cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue
14
Q
Chondrocytes
A
Cells of cartilage
15
Q
Clotting
A
Coagulation
Complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding
16
Q
Collagen fiber
A
Flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength
17
Q
Connective tissue
A
Type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems
18
Q
Connective tissue membrane
A
Connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints
19
Q
Connective tissue proper
A
Connective tissues containing a viscous matrix, fibers and cells
20
Q
Cutaneous membrane
A
Skin, epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that covers the outside of the body
21
Q
Dense connective tissue
A
Connective tissues proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection
22
Q
Ectoderm
A
Outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and nervous tissue is derived
23
Q
Elastic cartilage
A
Type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity
24
Q
Elastic fiber
A
Fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains high% of the protein elastin that allows the fiber to stretch and return to size
25
Endocrine Gland
Groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood
26
Endoderm
Innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive System and lower respiratory system derive
27
endothelium
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium
28
epithelial membrane
epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue
29
epithelial tissue
type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion
30
exocrine gland
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body
31
fibroblast
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space
32
fibrocartilage
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance
33
fibrocyte
less active form of fibroblast
34
fibrocyte
less active form of fibroblast
35
fluid connective tissue
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
36
fluid connective tissue
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
37
gap junction
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
38
goblet cell
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
39
ground substance
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
40
histamine
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
41
histology
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function
42
holocrine secretion
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion
43
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance
44
inflammation
response of tissue to injury
45
lacunae
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy
46
lamina propria
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
47
loose connective tissue
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
48
matrix
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers
49
merocrine secretion
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis
50
mesenchymal cell
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
51
mesenchyme
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive
52
mesoderm
middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive
53
mesothelium
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
54
mucous connective tissue
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
55
mucous gland
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant
56
mucous membrane
tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment
57
muscle tissue
type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.
58
myelin
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
59
myocyte
muscle cells
60
necrosis
accidental death of cells and tissues
61
nervous tissue
type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.
62
neuroglia
supportive neural cells
63
neuron
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
64
oligodendrocyte
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
65
parenchyma
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
66
primary union
condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing
67
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
68
reticular fiber
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue
69
reticular lamina
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane
70
reticular tissue
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatictissue, spleen, and the liver
71
Schwann cell
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
72
secondary union
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
73
serous gland
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface
74
serous membrane
type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid
75
simple columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
76
simple cuboidal epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules
77
simple squamous epithelium
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
78
skeletal muscle
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated
79
smooth muscle
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber
80
stratified columnar epithelium
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts
81
stratified cuboidal epithelium
tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts
82
stratified squamous epithelium
tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion
83
striation
alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern
84
supportive connective tissue
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue
85
synovial membrane
connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication
86
tight junction
forms an impermeable barrier between cells
87
tissue
group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions
88
tissue membrane
thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities
89
totipotent
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body
90
transitional epithelium
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
91
vasodilation
widening of blood vessels
92
wound contraction
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together
93
Characteristics of tissue
Share an Embryonic origin
Share morphological features
arranged in orderly pattern to achieve function
94
4 Types of Tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
95
3 Layers of Embryonic Cells
Ectoderm (Outer)
Mesoderm (middle)
Endoderm (inner)
Epithelial in all three
nervous in ectoderm
muscle in mesoderm
96
2 Types of Tissue Membranes
Connective Tissue Membranes
| Epithelial membranes
97
3 Types of Epithelial membranes
Lamina Propria
Serous Membrane
Cutaneous Membrane (skin)
98
3 Types of Cell Junctions
Tight Junction
Anchoring Junction
Gap Junction
99
2 Types of Glands
Endocrine Glands - Inside, hormones
| Exocrine Glands - Outside, sweat, mucous, breast milk
100
3 Common characteristics of Connective tissue
cells, ground substance, protein fibers
101
Types of cells in Connective tissue
Fibroblast
fibrocyte
adipocytes
mesenchymal
102
Types of Fibers
Collagen Fiber
Elastic Fiber
Reticular Fiber
103
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline - most common, ribs, nose, covers bones and joints
Fibrocartilge - tough, thick collagen fibers, knee, jaw joints and discs
Elastic - rigid support and elasticity, ear lobes
104
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal - voluntary movement, attached to bone
Cardiac - pump blood, heart
Smooth - involuntary, food movement
105
2 Types of nervous tissue
Neuron - propagate info via electrochemical impulses
| Neuroglia - supports neurons
106
Types of Cancer Cells
Carcinoma - Epithelial cells
Myelomas - Myeloid tissue or blood cells
Leukemias - Leukocytes or white blood cells
Sarcomas - connective tissue
107
Types of Tissue Membranes
Mucous- line digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
Serous- line body cavities closed to exterior, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal
Cutaneous- skin
Synovial - joint cavities and produce fluid within joint
108
Types of cell junctions
Tight
Gap
Anchoring
