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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

acne

A

skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

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2
Q

albinism

A

genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

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3
Q

anagen

A

active phase of the hair growth cycle

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4
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

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5
Q

arrector pili

A

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

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6
Q

basal cell

A

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

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7
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

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8
Q

bedsore

A

sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers

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9
Q

callus

A

thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion

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10
Q

catagen

A

transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

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11
Q

corn

A

type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force

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12
Q

cortex

A

in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

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13
Q

cuticle

A

in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

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14
Q

dermal papilla

A

(plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis

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15
Q

dermis

A

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

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16
Q

desmosome

A

structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

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17
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

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18
Q

eczema

A

skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash

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19
Q

elastin fibers

A

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

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20
Q

eleiden

A

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

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21
Q

epidermis

A

outermost tissue layer of the skin

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22
Q

eponychium

A

nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle

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23
Q

external root sheath

A

outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

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24
Q

first-degree burn

A

superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

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25
fourth-degree burn
burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged
26
glassy membrane
layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis
27
hair
keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis
28
hair bulb
structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla
29
hair follicle
cavity or sac from which hair originates
30
hair matrix
layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows
31
hair papilla
mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle
32
hair root
part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle
33
hair shaft
part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle
34
hypodermis
connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle
35
hyponychium
thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail
36
integumentary system
skin and its accessory structures
37
internal root sheath
innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft
38
keloid
type of scar that has layers raised above the skin surface
39
keratin
type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties
40
keratinocyte
cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis
41
keratohyalin
granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum
42
Langerhans cell
specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage
43
lunula
basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium
44
medulla
in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix
45
Meissner corpuscle
(also, tactile corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to light touch
46
melanin
pigment that determines the color of hair and skin
47
melanocyte
cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin
48
melanoma
type of skin cancer that originates from the melanocytes of the skin
49
melanosome
intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis
50
Merkel cell
receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch
51
metastasis
spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body
52
nail bed
layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms
53
nail body
main keratinous plate that forms the nail
54
nail cuticle
fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium
55
nail fold
fold of epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place
56
nail root
part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows
57
Pacinian corpuscle
(also, lamellated corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to vibration
58
papillary layer
superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue
59
reticular layer
deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers
60
rickets
disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakening of bones
61
scar
collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that is different from normal skin
62
sebaceous gland
type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum
63
sebum
oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair
64
second-degree burn
partial-thickness burn that injures the epidermis and a portion of the dermis
65
squamous cell carcinoma
type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis
66
stratum basale
deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells
67
stratum corneum
most superficial layer of the epidermis
68
stratum granulosum
layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum
69
stratum lucidum
layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits
70
stratum spinosum
layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes
71
stretch mark
mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits
72
sudoriferous gland
sweat gland
73
telogen
resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth
74
third-degree burn
burn that penetrates and destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis and dermis)
75
vitamin D
compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health
76
vitiligo
skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches
77
3 parts of Hair shaft
Medulla Cortex Cuticle
78
5 layers of skin
``` Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale ``` Stratum

Anatomy & Physiology (26 decks)

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