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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter13 > Flashcards

Chapter13 Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

Sensory nerve of smell, run from nasal mucosa to olfactory bulb, fibers synapse in olfactory bulbs, pathway terminates in primary olfactory cortex

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2
Q

Optic Nerves

A

Sensory and arise from retinas, converge and partially at optic chiasma, optic tract continue to thalamus, synapse and fibers run to visual cortex

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3
Q

Oculomotor Nerves

A

From the ventral midbrain through to four of six intrinsic eye muscles. Motor function in raising eyelid, directing eyeball, constricting iris, adjust lens shape

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4
Q

Trochlear Nerves

A

From dorsal midbrain enter orbits to innervates superior oblique muscles. Primarily motor nerve that directs eyeball

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5
Q

Trigeminal Nerves

A

Fibers extend from pons to face ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular. Sensory impulses from face, supply motor fibers for mastication

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6
Q

Abducens Nerves

A

Motor Nerve: fibers from inferior pons innervate lateral rectus muscle of eye

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7
Q

Facial Nerves

A

From pons to lateral aspect of face, Motor functions: facial expressions, lacrima and salivary glands; Sensory functions: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

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8
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerves

A

Fibers from hearing and equilibrium receptors and receptors from inner ear to brainstem at pons-medulla border. Mostly sensory function; small motor component for adjustment of sensitivity

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9
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerves

A

Fibers from medulla to throat, Motor Functions: tongue and pharynx for swallowing and to parotid salivary glands. Sensory Functions: taste, sensory from pharynx and posterior tongue, carotid chemoreceptors and barorecptors

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10
Q

Vagus Nerves

A

Fibers from medulla, most Motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers that help regulate activities of heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera. Sensory fibers: carry impulses from thoracic and abdominal viscera, barorecptors, chemoreceptors and tast buds of posterior tongue and pharynx

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11
Q

Accessory Nerve

A

Ventral rootlets from c1-c5 region of spinal cord to innervate trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, mostly motor

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12
Q

Hypoglossal Nerves

A

Motor fibers from medulla to innervate muscles of tongue that contribute to swallowing and speech

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13
Q

3 types of functional areas of cortex

A

Motor Areas: voluntary movement, Sensory Areas: Awareness of sensation, Association areas: Integrate information

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14
Q

Cortex

A

outer gray mater of brain, awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding

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15
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

conscious control of precise, skeletal muscle movements

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16
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

Helps plan movements; staging area for skilled motor activites, controls learned, repetitious motor skills, controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback

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17
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production and planning speech

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18
Q

Frontal Eye field

A

Voluntary eye movements

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19
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Receives general sensory information from skin, and proprioceptors of skeletal muscle, joints and tendon

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20
Q

Somatosensory Association cortex

A

integrates sensory input from primary somatosensory cortex, determines size, texture, and relationship of parts of object being felt

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21
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Receives visual information from retinas

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22
Q

visual association area

A

uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (color, form, movement, ability to recognize)

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23
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location

24
Q

Auditory association area

A

stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus

25
Q

vestibular cortex

A

conscious awarennes of balance (position of head space)

26
Q

primary olfactory cortex

A

Region of conscious awareness of odors

27
Q

Gustatory Cortex

A

In insula deep to temporal lobe, perception of taste

28
Q

Visceral Sensory area

A

Conscious preception of visceral sensation ie. Upset stomach

29
Q

Anterior Association Area

A

Intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

30
Q

Posterior Association Area

A

Plays role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space, involved in understanding writeen and spoken language (wernicke’s area)

31
Q

Limbic Association Area

A

Involves cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus, provides emotional impact that makes scene important and establish memories

32
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

language, math, logic

33
Q

Righ Hemisphere

A

visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, artistic skills

34
Q

Cerebral White Mater

A

Myelinated fibers and tracts, communication between cerebral areas, and between corex and lower CNS

35
Q

Association fibers

A

Horizontal; connects parts of same hemisphere

36
Q

Commissural fibers

A

horizontal; connect gray mater of 2 hemisphere

37
Q

Projection fibers

A

vertical, connect hemispheres with lower brain, spinal cord

38
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

Influence muscle movements. Role in cognition and emotion. Filter out incorrect/inappropriate responses

39
Q

Thalamus

A

Gateway to cerebral cortex sorts, edits, and relays ascending input. Mediates sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning, and memory

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls autonomic nervous system (blood pressure, rate, digestive tract motility, pupil size) Physical responses to emotions

41
Q

Suprachiasmic nucleus

A

regulates sleep-wake cycles (biological clock)

42
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin which regulates sleep-wake cycle

43
Q

Brain Stem

A

Controls autonomic behaviors necessary for survival. Nuclei associated with 10 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

44
Q

Periaqueductal gray matter

A

Pain control

45
Q

Corpora quadrigemina

A

visual reflex and auditory relay centers

46
Q

substantia nigra

A

reward, movement

47
Q

Red nucleus

A

motor coordination

48
Q

Pons

A

Fibers connect higher brain centers and spinal cord and relay impulses between motor cortex and cerebellum, help maintain normal rhythm of breathing

49
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Relay sensory info from muscles and joints to cerebellum to maintain equilibrium. Autonomic reflex, cardiovascular and respiratory centers. Also vomiting, hiccup

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

Input from the cortex, brain stem and sensory receptors. Allow smooth, coordinated movement. Role in thinking, language and emotion. May compare actual with expected output and adjust accordingly.

51
Q

Limbic System

A

Emotional Brain (Amygdala, Cingulate gyrus)

52
Q

Hippocampus

A

Play a role in memory

53
Q

Reticular Activation System

A

RAS - consciousness and alterness, filters out repetitive, familiar, or weak stimuli, injury results in coma

54
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Watery solution formed from blood plasma, gives buoyancy to CNS structures, protects from trauma

55
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Maintains stable environment for brain, separates neurons from some blood bourne substances, formed by feet of astrocytes

Anatomy & Physiology (26 decks)

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