Chapter13 Flashcards
Olfactory Nerve
Sensory nerve of smell, run from nasal mucosa to olfactory bulb, fibers synapse in olfactory bulbs, pathway terminates in primary olfactory cortex
Optic Nerves
Sensory and arise from retinas, converge and partially at optic chiasma, optic tract continue to thalamus, synapse and fibers run to visual cortex
Oculomotor Nerves
From the ventral midbrain through to four of six intrinsic eye muscles. Motor function in raising eyelid, directing eyeball, constricting iris, adjust lens shape
Trochlear Nerves
From dorsal midbrain enter orbits to innervates superior oblique muscles. Primarily motor nerve that directs eyeball
Trigeminal Nerves
Fibers extend from pons to face ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular. Sensory impulses from face, supply motor fibers for mastication
Abducens Nerves
Motor Nerve: fibers from inferior pons innervate lateral rectus muscle of eye
Facial Nerves
From pons to lateral aspect of face, Motor functions: facial expressions, lacrima and salivary glands; Sensory functions: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Vestibulocochlear Nerves
Fibers from hearing and equilibrium receptors and receptors from inner ear to brainstem at pons-medulla border. Mostly sensory function; small motor component for adjustment of sensitivity
Glossopharyngeal Nerves
Fibers from medulla to throat, Motor Functions: tongue and pharynx for swallowing and to parotid salivary glands. Sensory Functions: taste, sensory from pharynx and posterior tongue, carotid chemoreceptors and barorecptors
Vagus Nerves
Fibers from medulla, most Motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers that help regulate activities of heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera. Sensory fibers: carry impulses from thoracic and abdominal viscera, barorecptors, chemoreceptors and tast buds of posterior tongue and pharynx
Accessory Nerve
Ventral rootlets from c1-c5 region of spinal cord to innervate trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, mostly motor
Hypoglossal Nerves
Motor fibers from medulla to innervate muscles of tongue that contribute to swallowing and speech
3 types of functional areas of cortex
Motor Areas: voluntary movement, Sensory Areas: Awareness of sensation, Association areas: Integrate information
Cortex
outer gray mater of brain, awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
Primary motor cortex
conscious control of precise, skeletal muscle movements
Premotor Cortex
Helps plan movements; staging area for skilled motor activites, controls learned, repetitious motor skills, controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback
Broca’s Area
Motor speech area that directs muscles of speech production and planning speech
Frontal Eye field
Voluntary eye movements
Primary somatosensory cortex
Receives general sensory information from skin, and proprioceptors of skeletal muscle, joints and tendon
Somatosensory Association cortex
integrates sensory input from primary somatosensory cortex, determines size, texture, and relationship of parts of object being felt
Primary visual cortex
Receives visual information from retinas
visual association area
uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli (color, form, movement, ability to recognize)
Primary auditory cortex
interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location
Auditory association area
stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus
