chapter 5

Question 1

what are the five functions of the integumentary system (p,e&a,r,s,v)

Answer 1

protection
excretion
absorption
regulation of body temperature
sensation
vitamin D synthesis

Question 2

The skin is divided into two regions. The deepest is the ____ and the most superficial is called the _______.

Answer 2

dermis is deepest

epidermis is superficial

Question 3

what is the hypodermis?

Answer 3

also called the sub-Q layer, not part of the skin, deep to dermis consists of areolar and adipose tissue

Question 4

what type of tissue is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 4

epithelial tissue
outermost is several layers of stratified squamous epithelium, outermost layer is comprised of flat, dead cells, and then keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The epidermis is constantly replaced with new cells.

Question 5

these epidermal cells connect to tactile disks, and provide sensory function (sense of touch on your skin)

Answer 5

tactile cells (Merkle)

Question 6

these epidermal cells are immune cells, they find things that shouldn’t be there and try to destroy them

Answer 6

Langerhans cells

Question 7

these epidermal cells produce keratin and lamellar granules, they are for protection

Answer 7

keratinocytes

Question 8

these epidermal cells produce melanin, they make your skin color and provide UV protection

Answer 8

melanocytes

Question 9

the top layer of the epidermis, multiple layers of flat, dead interlocking cells, the thickest layer (come)

Answer 9

stratum corneum

Question 10

This layer of skin is only found in thick skin like the palms of your hands, fingertips and soles of your feet and it is clear (let’s)

Answer 10

stratum lucidum

Question 11

This layer of skin has keratin present, cells are thinner and flatter, and cells begin to die (get)

Answer 11

stratum granulosum

Question 12

This layer of skin provides strength and flexibility to the skin. (sun)

Answer 12

stratum spinosum

Question 13

This layer of skin is the deepest layer and is the site of mitotic division. (burned)

Answer 13

stratum basale

Question 14

name all the layer of skin in order (come lets get sun burned)

Answer 14

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 15

yellow to dark brown in color, creates the variations in skin color from pale to dark, it is the source of tanning

Answer 15

melanin

Question 16

is the number of melanocytes different in everyone or the amount of melanin different?

Answer 16

melanin is different we all have basically the same number of melanocytes

Question 17

connective vascular tissue

Answer 17

dermis

Question 18

the superficial part of the dermis is made up of what kind of tissue?

Answer 18

areolar connective tissue

Question 19

this part of the superficial dermis contains nerve endings and blood vessels

Answer 19

dermal papillae

Question 20

this part of the superficial dermis is responsible for allowing you to feel light touch

Answer 20

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 21

this part of the superficial dermis is responsible for temperature, pain, and itch

Answer 21

free nerve endings

Question 22

what is the deep part of the dermis made up of

Answer 22

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 23

this layer of the epidermis is the site of mitotic division

Answer 23

stratum basale

Question 24

the layer of the epidermis is the thickest layer

Answer 24

stratum corneum

Question 25

this layer of the epidermis is layers where cells begin to die; keratin present

Answer 25

stratum granulosum

Question 26

this layer of the epidermis is a clear layer only found in thick skin

Answer 26

stratum lucidum

Question 27

this layer of the epidermis is where strength and flexibility is found

Answer 27

stratum spinosum

Question 28

this dermal structure is responsible for temperature pain and itch

Answer 28

free nerve endings found in areolar connective tissue, superficial layer

Question 29

this dermal structure is responsible for vibration and pressure

Answer 29

Pacinian corpuscles found in dense irregular connective tissue, deep layer

Question 30

this dermal structure forms finger prints; contains nerves and blood vessels

Answer 30

dermal papillae found in areolar connective tissue, superficial layer

Question 31

this dermal structure is responsible for sensing light touch

Answer 31

Meissner's corpuscles, found in areolar connective tissue, superficial layer

Question 32

name the three compounds that help create our skin color. what colors are they?

Answer 32

melanin - yellow to dark brown hemoglobin - Red to reddish brown Carotene - pale yellow to orange

Question 33

what are the three components of a hair?

Answer 33

hair root hair shaft hair follicle

Question 34

name the structure that attaches to a hair and causes goosebumps

Answer 34

arrector pili

Question 35

name the location and secretion of eccrine sweat glands

Answer 35

location - most of the body | secretion - directly onto skin - watery and odorless

Question 36

name the location and secretion of apocrine sweat glands

Answer 36

location - axilla & groin secretion - connected to a hair, and viscous body odor associated with apocrine because the sweat mixes with bacteria and causes smell.

Question 37

name the location and secretion of sebaceous glands

Answer 37

location - always connected to a hair shaft | secretion - sebum - oily substance

Question 38

name the location and secretion of ceruminous glands

Answer 38

location - external auditory canal (outer ear canal) | secretion - cerumen -oily wax

Question 39

this part of the nail extends past the finger or toe

Answer 39

nail edge

Question 40

this part of the nail is the main visible portion of the nail

Answer 40

nail body

Question 41

this part of the nail is the thick white part

Answer 41

Lunula (moon)

Question 42

this part of the nail is the portion that is not visible

Answer 42

nail root

Question 43

this part of the nail is made up of stratum corneum of epidermis and provides protection

Answer 43

cuticle

Question 44

this part of the nail is the proximal portion of the nail root, it contains dividing cells and is responsible for producing new nail

Answer 44

matrix

Question 45

the most dangerous and life-threatening form of skin cancer

Answer 45

melanoma

Question 46

This type of burn affects only the epidermis, causes mild pain, redness but no blisters, and generally heals within 1 week

Answer 46

1st degree

Question 47

this type of burn affects both the epidermis and the dermis, causes pain, redness, and blisters, and generally heals within 3 to 4 weeks

Answer 47

2nd degree

Question 48

this type of burn affects the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of skin, causes severe pain, swelling, marble white to black coloration and is susceptible to infection, it also takes much longer to heal, and can require skin grafts

Answer 48

3rd degree

Question 49

These sores are caused by deficiency in blood flow to an area of tissue over a bony prominence

Answer 49

pressure ulcer

Question 50

what causes pressure ulcers

Answer 50

prolonged pressure on the skin leads to an ulceration (small breaks in the epidermis) can become infected and tissue can die.

Question 51

what is one cause of acne in adolescence

Answer 51

hormones over produce sebum

Question 52

what are the visible signs of aging seen in the dermis in people, usually starting at about 40

Answer 52

``` loss of collagen fibers loss of elasticity loss of immune responses decreased melanocyte functions causes grey hair, skin blotches (age spots) thinning of skin and hairs ```

Question 53

``` Which is not a component of skin? a - Hair follicles b - Hypodermis c - Blood vessels d - Dermal papillae ```

Answer 53

c - Blood vessels

Question 54

``` Glands found in the external auditory canal that secrete protective earwax are a - ceruminous glands b - sebaceous glands c - sudoriferous gland d - apocrine glands e - eccrine glands ```

Answer 54

a - ceruminous glands

Question 55

``` The outermost portion of the skin is the a - dermis b - subcutaneous layer c - epidermis d - hypodermis e - basement membrane ```

Answer 55

c - epidermis

Question 56

``` In which skin layer would you expect to observe mitosis? a - Stratum corneum b - Stratum lucidum c - Stratum spinosum d - Stratum granulosum e - Stratum basale ```

Answer 56

e - Stratum basale

Question 57

Match the sensory receptor of the dermis to its modality (what sensation it detects) Free nerve endings Meissner's corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 57

Free nerve endings - pain and temperature Meissner's corpuscle - light touch Pacinian corpuscle - pressure and vibration

Question 58

``` Hair and skin color depend on: a - melanin b - keratin c - sebum d - myoglobin e - cerumen ```

Answer 58

a - melanin

Question 59

``` Match the substance or cell to its function: a - Keratin b - Melanin c - Langerhans cells d - Tactile cells ```

Answer 59

keratin - protection melanin - pigmentation Langerhans cells - immune function Tactile cells - sensory function

Question 60

``` The base of a hair follicle is enlarged into an onion-shaped structure called a - papilla b - shaft c - matrix d -bulb e - root ```

Answer 60

d -bulb

Question 61

Which is not true of pressure ulcers? a - They are caused by prolonged pressure that causes the epidermis and/or dermis to break. b - They typically form over a bony area of the body. c - The underlying cause is an increase in blood flow due to inflammation. d - Infections can cause tissue death and can develop quickly in elderly or ill patients.

Answer 61

c - The underlying cause is an increase in blood flow due to inflammation.

Question 62

``` Which of the following is not found in the dermis? a - Meissner's corpuscles b - Sebaceous glands c - Free nerve endings d - Eccrine glands e - Langerhans cells ```

Answer 62

e - Langerhans cells

Question 63

Which is not true of individuals with different skin color? a - They have the same amount of melanocytes. b - They have different amounts of melanin in their skin. c - Individuals with darker skin also have thicker skin. d - Individuals with lighter skin can develop darker skin with exposure to UV radiation.

Answer 63

c - Individuals with darker skin also have thicker skin.