epiphysis
is an enlarged area on the ends of long bones that articulate with other bones
articular cartilage
is a layer of hyaline cartilage covering the end surface of the epiphysis
diaphysis
is the bone shaft between the epiphyses
periosteum
is a fibrous membrane that functions to protect the bone and serves as an attachment of tendons and ligamnets
the skeletal system is composed of? (3)
bones
cartilage
ligaments
the 5 main functions of the skeletal system are?
framework protect internal organs and tissue attachment points manufacture blood cells store minerals; calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium, sodium
what is the composition of bone?
1/3 animal matter; bone cells, blood vessels, connective tissues, marrow
2/3 mineral or earthly matter
what are the 5 types of bone in the body?
flat - skull, pelvis, and ribs long - legs, arms, fingers, toes short - carpals and tarsals irregular - vertebrae sesamoid - patella
compact bone tissue
forms the hard bone found in the shafts of long bones and along the outside of flat bones
cancellous bone
located inside long bones and flat bones, consists of irregularly shaped spaces defined by thin. bony plates
medullary cavity
is a hollow chamber formed in the shaft of long bones that is filled with yellow bone marrow
marrow
is the connective tissue filling in the cavities of bones that forms red and white blood cells
for proper bone growth and hardening of bony structures, the diet should consist of an adequate amount of what?
calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D
axial skeleton
is made up of bones of the skull, thorax, vertebral column, and the hyoid bone
appendicular skeleton
is made up of bones of the shoulder, upper extremities, hips, and lower extremities
how many bones does the human adult have?
206
SADISM
Synarthrotic - immovable
Amphiarthrotic - slightly movable
Diarthrotic - movable
synovial membrane
a connective tissue membrane lining cavities and capsules in and around joints that produce synovial fluid
fibrous joint
have no space and are held together by fibrous connective tissue
cartilaginous joints
are joints held together with cartilage with no joint cavity
synovial joints
are freely movable joints with a joint cavity surrounded by an articular capsule
ligaments
are bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones
bursae
fibrous sacks lined with synovial membrane and lubricated with synovial fluid, functioning as a cushion in areas of pressure
what are the 5 types of joints?
pivot joints - neck and atlast, radius and ulna glidding joint - spine, tarsals, carpals ball and socket joint - hip and shoulder hinge joint - elbow, knee saddle joint - thumb
sprain
is an injury to a joint resulting in stretching or tearing of the ligament
