Chapter 7.5 Flashcards
TRANSCRIPTION
copies the information encoded in a DNA base sequence into complimentary language of mRNA
TRANSLATION
Builds the protein. The actual construction of proteins.
Using the instructions from mRNA to build a protein by joining amino acid into a polypeptide sequence
It is the translation of the mRNA sequence into a sequence of amino acids
GENETIC CODE
is the set of rules by which a cell uses the nucleotides in mRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein. It also contains direction for starting and stopping translation
A CODON
is a group of 3 mRNA bases that corresponds to one amino acid or to a “stop” signal. Nearly all species use the same mRNA codons to specify the same protein
How many amino acids in life
20
What is typically the first codon of mRNA
AUG- the start codon ( methionine)
the 3 stop codons in mRNA
UGA, UAA, UAG
What participants are needed in translation
- mRNA
- tRNA
- Ribosomes
mRNA
product of transcription carries the genetic information that encodes a protein with each 3 base codon specifying a amino acid
tRNA
This bilingual molecule binds to a mRNA codon and to an amino acid.It contains an ANTICODON that is complimentary to one mRNA CODON
ANTICODON
is a 3 base loop that is complimentary to one mRNA codon
What is on the opposite end of of the anticodon on a tRNA
it forms a covalent bond to the amino acid corresponding to that codon
The anticodon for methionine
methionine codon on mRNA is AUG : on the transfer RNA the anti codon would be UAC with methionine attached to the opposite end.
RIBOSOME
. built of rRNA and proteins
. Anchors mRNA during translation
.They consist of a large and small subunit at join at the initiation of protein synthesis
Where are ribosomes in the cell
- free in the cytoplasm or
2. attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum