Glycolysis alone vs the of ACR
Aerobic Respiration yields much more ATP that glycolisis alone
In Gly cells recover a small portion of ATP and NADH
The KREBS cycle and the ETC are the main ATP generating processes the taps much of the potential energy remaining in Pyruvate
After glycolisis pyruvate moves into the the mitochondrial matrix, what happens to it before it is used in the KREBs Cyclye
Pyruvate molecules is further oxidized
- A molecule of CO2 is removed from each (2)
- NAD+ is reduced to NADH “”””””””””“(2)
- The last 2 carbon molecules ( called an acetyl group is transferred to a coenzyme to form acetyl coenzyme A (2)
The INPUT and OUTPUT of pyruvate in the matrix before the Kreb Cycle
INPUT OUTPUT
2) C-C-C Pyurvate 2) C-C- CoA
2) CO2 2) NAD+ + 2H+ 2) NADH
Acetyl CoA
2 of the original 6 carbons from the Pyruvate ( 1 from each Pyruvate molecule ) called an acetyl group, is transferred to a Coenzyme to form acetyl coenzyme A.
It is the compound that enters the Kreb cycle
What happens to CoA when it enters the Kreb Cycle
. Kreb cycle completes the oxidization of each acetyl group releasing CO2
1.Acetyl CoA shed the coenzyme and combines with a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate. The resulting 6 carbon molecule is called a Citrate
Why is the kreb cycle also known as the citric acid cycle
1.Acetyl CoA shed the coenzyme and combines with a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate. The resulting 6 carbon molecule is called a Citrate
How often must the kreb cycle turn to produce 1 glucose molecule
twice
The total output after the Krebs cycle
4 atp molecules
10 Nadh molecules
2 Fadh molecules
6 Co2 ( gets ejected as waste)
Alternative function of the Kreb Cycle
The cells use intermediate compounds formed in the Krebs cycle to manufacture other organic molecules such as fats and amino acids.
The reverse of this also happens amino acids and fats enter the Krebs cycle to generate energy from food sources other that carbohydrates
The function of of the ETC
to drive ATP formation
The Electon transport Chain
It uses the energy in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton gradient : As each energy rich electron is passed through each protein an electron is donated and is accepted creating energy that pumps protons into the inter membrane compartment. The last acceptor of the electron is O2 which creates water.
The protons are pump through the atp Syntase,The potential energy of the potential energy in the proton gradient is used where a phosphate group is added to make Atp ( chemiosmotic phosphorylation)
