Photosynthesis Chapter 5 Summary Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Photosynthesis Chapter 5 Summary Deck (45)
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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Converts kinetic energy in light to potential energy in the covalent bonds of glucose

2
Q

Photosynthetic organisms

A
  1. Plants
  2. Algae
  3. Some microorganisms
3
Q

Photosynthesis builds what from what

A

Builds carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

4
Q

What type of reaction is P/S

A

Redox

5
Q

REdox reaction of P/S

A

Water = oxidized ( looses an electron when split by chlorophyll to replace its own lost electron)
Carbon dioxide = reduced ( gains electron from Nadph)

6
Q

Why do plants need glucose

A
  1. To generate ATP
  2. nourish non-photosynthetic parts of the plant.
  3. Produce cellulose
  4. other biochemicals
7
Q

Most plants store Excess glucose as

A
  1. Starch

2. Sucrose

8
Q

Explain the evolution of Photosynthesis

A

Before photosynthesis evolved, organisms were heterotrophs that relied on organic molecules as a carbon source.

The first autotrophs developed the ability to produce their own organic molecules from atmospheric Co2.

Oxygen produced by these organism changed the Earth’s climate

9
Q

Visible Light

A

A small part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

10
Q

Photons

A

Packets of energy that move in waves.

11
Q

Effect of wave length and kinetic energy

A

The longer the wavelength the less kinetic energy per photon

12
Q

Photosynthetic pigments do what

A

Capture Light Energy

13
Q

2 types of pigments found in chloroplasts

A
  1. Chlorophyll a

2. accessory Pigments

14
Q

Chlorophyl a

A

The primary photosynthetic pigment– Reaction Center ( along with proteins)

15
Q

Accessory pigment

A

absorb wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb, extending the range of wavelengths useful for P/S

16
Q

Chloroplasts are

A

The sites of P/S

17
Q

Stomata

A

Pores where plant exchange gases with the environment through ( take in co2 and release O2)

18
Q

Mesophyll

A

collective term for the internal cells of the plant.

19
Q

Stroma

A

gelatinous matrix in the chloroplast ( outside the thylakoid membrane.

20
Q

Thylakoid membrane

A

Site of light reaction. assembled in stacks in the the stroma.

21
Q

Grana ( granum singl. )

A

Stacks of thylakoid membrane

22
Q

Where are the pigments embedded

A

In the Thylakoid membrane

23
Q

Photosystem

A

Consists of:

  1. Antenna Pigments
  2. Reaction Center ( chlorophyll a)
24
Q

2 stages of P/S

A

1st. Light Reaction ( light dependent)

2nd. Carbon Reaction ( Light independent)

25
Q

The 2 main products of Light Reaction needed by the 2nd stage

A
  1. ATP

2. NADPH

26
Q

The use of ATP and NADPH for Carbon Reaction

A

They provide energy and electrons for the glucose producing carbon reaction

27
Q

Photosystem II produces

A

ATP

28
Q

Photosystem ! Produces

A

NADPH

29
Q

THE 2 STAGES OF LIght Reaction

A

Photosystem I

Photosystem II

30
Q

Steps of Photosystem I

A
  1. Antenna pigments capture photons from light energy.
  2. Sends it to the Reaction center ( chlorophyll a)
  3. chlorophyll a releases an electron into an Electron Transport Chain that joins Photosystem I with Photosystem II
  4. Electrons from chlorophyll a are replaced by splitting water. O2 is a waste product.
  5. Energy released in the ETC drives the active transport of protons ( through a proton pump) from the stroma into the thylakoid space.
  6. Accumulation of protons from water splitting and active transport creates a transport gradient.
  7. The protons diffuse in ATP Synthase
  8. Th movement powers the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
31
Q

Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation

A

The coupling of the

  1. proton gradient
  2. ATP formation
32
Q

Steps of Photosystem I

A

P/s I receives electrons from the electron transport chain

  1. The electrons are used to reduce NADP to NADPH ( NADP + H)
  2. Light is captured again to power this process
33
Q

Carbon Reaction produces

A

carbohydrates

34
Q

How does Carbon reaction produce carbohydrates

A

The carbon reactions use energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH in carbon fixation reactions that incorporate Co2 into organic molecules.

35
Q

Carbon fixation

A

reactions that incorporate Co2 into organic compounds. The first of Carbon Reaction

36
Q

3 names for the 2nd stage of P/S

A
  1. Carbon Reaction
  2. Calvin cycle
  3. C3 Pathway
37
Q

Steps of Carbon Reaction

A
  1. Rubisco catalyzes the reaction of Co2 with RuBP to yield 2 molecules of PGA.
  2. PGA Molecules are converted into PGAL
  3. PGAL later becomes glucose
38
Q

PGAL

A

the immediate Carbohydrate of P/S which later becomes glucose.

39
Q

C3 Pathway

A

Another name for the Calvin Cycle.

Refers to plants that can only use this pathway to fix carbon ( to two 3 carbon molecules with one phosphate-PGA)

40
Q

3 pathways plants use to fix carbon

A
  1. C3
  2. C4
  3. CAM
41
Q

Photorespiration

A

wastes carbon and energy when rubisco reacts with O2 instead of CO2

42
Q

How do C4 pathway plants reduce Photorespiration

A

By separating the light and carbon reactions into different cells
Light reaction in the Mesophyll cells and Carbon Reactions int the the bundle sheath cell

43
Q

How do CAM pathway plants reduce Photorespiration

A

Desert plants such as Cacti open their stomata and take in Co2 at night, storing fix carbon in vacuoles. during the day Light reactions occur

44
Q

Where does the energy come from to peer P/S

A

The Sun

45
Q

P/S is an example of an ——– chemical reaction because ———

A

Endergonic Reaction because light energy is used to build chemical bonds.