Chapter 10.2

Question 1

What did mendel discover

Answer 1

He uncovered the basic laws of inheritance

HE DISCOVERED HOW TO to calculate the probabilities of inheritance at least for some traits

Question 2

Why did he choose peas

Answer 2

1. they are easy to grow, develop quickly, produce many offspring. they also have traits that appear in 2 distinguishable forms ( peas may be smooth or wrinkled, yellow or green)

Question 3

SELF FERTILIZATION IN PLANTS

Answer 3

taking one the pollen from the male part of the flower ( STAMEN) and apply it to the female part (Pistil)

Question 4

CROSS FERTILIZATION

Answer 4

pollen from a stamen from one plant crossed with the pistil of another plant

Question 5

each pea represents

Answer 5

a genetically unique offspring

Question 6

TRUE BREEDING

Answer 6

self fertilization always produced offspring identical to the parent plant

Question 7

DOMINANT TRAIT

Answer 7

one that seem to obscure another

Question 8

RECESSIVE Trait

Answer 8

The trait being masked by the dominant trait

Question 9

DOMINANT ALLELE

Answer 9

Is one that exerts its effects whenever present ( dominant however does not meet common)

Question 10

RECESSIVE ALLELE

Answer 10

one whose effect is masked if a dominant alleles also present

Question 11

Why is an allele considered recessive

Answer 11

because it codes for a non functional protein.

If a dominant gene is also present the organism usually has enough of the functional protein to maintain its normal appearance

Question 12

when are recessive gene noticeable

Answer 12

when both alleles from both parents are recessive that the lack of functional protein becomes noticeable

Question 13

How many allele per gene does a chromosome carry

Answer 13

only one

Question 14

any of the diploid cell’s two alleles what might they look like in comparison to each other

Answer 14

they might me identical or different

Question 15

GENOTYPE

Answer 15

express the genetic makeup of an individual

. an individual’s allele combination for a particular gene

Question 16

how is a genotype represented

Answer 16

a pair of letters representing each allele

Question 17

HOMOZYGOUS

Answer 17

an individual that is homozygous for a gene has two identical alleles, meaning both parents contributed the same gene version

Question 18

If both ales are dominant, the genotype will be

Answer 18

homozygous dominant (YY)

Question 19

homozygous recessive

Answer 19

yy, same version of a gene, and are both recessive.

Question 20

HETROZYGOUS genotype

Answer 20

has two different allele for a gene ( Yy), Has different genetic version of an allele.

Question 21

PHENOTYPE

Answer 21

observable chaacteristics ( seed color, stem length etc)

Question 22

hy are all homozygous plants truebreding

Answer 22

because all of their gametes have the same allele

Question 23

Why are heterozygous plants not true breeding

Answer 23

because all of they may pass on either the recessive or the dominant allele

Question 24

WILD TYPE ALLELE

Answer 24

a genotype or a phenotype that is most common form or expression of a gene in a population

Question 25

MUTANT ALLELE

Answer 25

genotype or phenotype that is a variant that arises when a gene undergoes mutation

Question 26

Name to keep track of generation

Answer 26

P GENERATION:
. parental
. first set of individuals being mated

F1 Generation
. first filial generation
. offsprings of P generation

F2 Generation
. the offspring of F1 plants

Question 27

CHROMOSOME

Answer 27

a continuous molecule of Dna plus associated proteins

Question 28

GENE

Answer 28

a sequence of DNA that encodes a protein

Question 29

LLOCUS

Answer 29

THE physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 30

ALLELE

Answer 30

one of the alternative forms of a specific gene

Question 31

Why did Gregor Mendel choose pea plants as his experimental organism

Answer 31

Mendel chose pea plants because they are easy to grow, develop quickly, produce many offspring, and have many traits that appear in two alternate forms that are easy to distinguish. It also is easy to hand-pollinate pea plants, so an investigator can control which plants mate with one another.

Question 32

Distinguish between dominant and recessive; heterozygous and homozygous; phenotype and genotype; wild type and mutant

Answer 32

Dominant alleles appear in a phenotype whenever they are present; recessive alleles contribute to the phenotype only if no dominant alleles are present. An individual is homozygous for a gene if both alleles are identical; in a heterozygous individual, the two alleles for a gene are different. An organism’s phenotype is its appearance; the genotype is the alleles an individual possesses. The wild type allele is the most common form of a gene in a population; a mutant allele arises when a gene undergoes a mutation.

Question 33

Define the P, F1, and F2 generations

Answer 33

The P generation is the parental or starting generation. F1 and F2 refer to the first and second generations of offspring, respectively.