chapter 10.5

Question 1

Genes on the same chromosome maybe

Answer 1

inherited together

Question 2

alleles of a gene are from homologous pairs so are packaged in

Answer 2

different gametes

Question 3

How do a few chromosome control so many genes

Answer 3

Each chromosome carries many genes

Question 4

LINKED genes

Answer 4

Are carried on the same chromosome, they are inherited together .
They do not assort independently during meiosis

Question 5

comparisons between genes and chromosomes

Answer 5

1. they both come in pairs
   2.alles of a gene are packaged into separate gametes
   . so are members of homlogous pairs
2. Both are inherited in random combinations

Question 6

The affect of gene linkage on dihybrid cross versus no gene linkage

Answer 6

When Genes are not lined on the same chromosome they assort independently
The gametes then represent all possible allele combinations, and the cross yields the expected phenotypic ratio.

When genes are linked on the same chromosome, only two allele combinations are expected in the gametes, and the number of phono types are reduced

Question 7

LINKAGE GROUPS

Answer 7

collection of genes that tend to be inherited together

Question 8

Why do offsprings sometimes have trait combinations not seen in either parent

Answer 8

CROSSING OVER : an exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I
. After crossing over no two chromatids in a homologous pair of chromosome are identical

Question 9

What is the purpose and end result of CROSSING OVER

Answer 9

no 2 chromatids in a homologous pair of chromosomes are identical

Question 10

2 options of chromatids of that a gamete could inherit after crossing over

Answer 10

1. Parent chromatid

2. Recombinant chromatid

Question 11

PARENTAL CHROMATID

Answer 11

retains the allele combination from each parent.

Question 12

RECOMBINANT CHROMATID

Answer 12

the result of two genes crossing over; has a mixture of maternal and paternal genes

Question 13

LINKAGE MAPS

Answer 13

diagrams of gene order and spacing on chromosomes ( vertically).
It shows the likelihood of a gene allele being seperated from another based on theirs pacing

Question 14

What concept are linkage maps based on

Answer 14

the farther apart 2 alleles are on the same chromosome, the more likely crossing over is to separate them- simply because more separates the genes

Question 15

How are linkage maps used

Answer 15

By determining the the percentage of recombinant offsprings, one can infer how far apart the genes are on the chromosome

Question 16

Why are the percentage of recumbent offsprings

Answer 16

Crossing over frequently sperates alleles on opposite ends of the same chromosomes. In contrast an crossover would rarely separate alleles lying very close together and the percentage of recombinant offsprings would be small

Question 17

GENETIC MARKER

Answer 17

a DNA sequence with a known physical location on a chromosome. they help link an inherited disease with the responsible gene

Question 18

. How do patterns of inheritance differ for unlinked versus linked pairs of genes?

Answer 18

When pairs of genes are linked, they are carried on the same chromosome and are inherited together. Crossing over complicates the inheritance of linked genes; sometimes allele combinations differ from either parent. The inheritance pattern of non-linked genes is more predictable since it is not affected by crossing over. The inheritance of non-linked genes can be visualized using a Punnett Square.

Question 19

What is the difference between recombinant and parental chromatids, and how do they arise?

Answer 19

Recombinant chromatids are chromosomes that have a mixture of maternal and paternal alleles ( crossing over occurred between two non-sister chromatid) instead of alleles from just a single parent. In contrast, parental chromatids carry the same combinations of alleles that were inherited from the parents. Crossing over has not altered them.

Question 20

How do biologists use crossover frequencies to map genes on chromosomes

Answer 20

The farther apart genes are on a chromosome, the more frequently they will cross over. By comparison, genes that are close together on a chromosome are less likely to be separated. Analysis of how often the traits appear together helps to establish linkage maps, which show the relative positions of genes on chromosomes.

Question 21

Another term for crossing over is

Answer 21

RECOMBINATION