Chapter 8

Question 1

Watershed

Answer 1

Is the line dividing a river from another.

Question 2

Tributaries

Answer 2

Are smaller rivers on the normal one.

Question 3

Confluence

Answer 3

Is where the tributaries meet the river.

Question 4

Estuary

Answer 4

Is the mouth of the river.

Question 5

Delta

Answer 5

Is land the forms the river mouths.

Question 6

Mouth

Answer 6

Is where the river meets the river or sea.

Question 7

Source

Answer 7

Is where the river begins

Question 8

Course

Answer 8

Is the path of the river from source to mouth.

Question 9

Basin

Answer 9

Is the area drained by its river and tributaries.

Question 10

Distributaries

Answer 10

Are the smaller rivers that break off from the main river as it enters the sea.

Question 11

Processes of river transportation

Answer 11

Are hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution, solution, saltation, suspension and traction.

Question 12

Hydraulic action

Answer 12

Is the the erosion by the force of moving water

Question 13

Abrasion

Answer 13

Is when the river uses its load to erode the bed and banks.

Question 14

Attrition

Answer 14

Is when the load bang against each other and the rocks are smoothed

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

Is when some rocks dissolve

Question 16

Solution

Answer 16

Is when rock minerals dissolve and are carried away

Question 17

Saltation

Answer 17

Is when small stones bounce off the bottom of the river

Question 18

Suspension

Answer 18

Is when light material is carried along.

Question 19

Traction

Answer 19

Is when larger materials are rolled along the river bed

Question 20

The old age stage

Answer 20

Is when the river slows down and it deposits its load. Some features are ox-bow lakes, levees and deltas

Question 21

Ox-bow lake

Answer 21

The neck of the meander narrows, eventually breaks off into a straight line and an ox-bow lake is formed by the deposition cutting it off

Question 22

Levee

Answer 22

Is when a river floods and all the water and deposits flow up onto the floodplain and the deposits stay there and eventually build up.

Question 23

Delta

Answer 23

Is when the river slows down and deposits its load which forms a delta. An example is the Mississippi River in USA, the Nile in Egypt.

Question 24

River features

Answer 24

Are the watershed, tributaries, confluence, estuary, delta, mouth, source, course, basin and distributaries

Question 25

Rivers and people

Answer 25

Rivers can flood due to heavy rainfall or how people manage the rivers. People can drown, farmland and houses are flooded, food prices increase because of the decreasing crops.

Question 26

Dams

Answer 26

A dam is a barrier build to hold back water. They can act to generate energy or to store water.

Question 27

Advantages of dams

Answer 27

They produce pollution-free energy. Water is stored. They are used to prevent too much water flowing into the middle and lower course.

Question 28

Disadvantages of dams

Answer 28

Good farmland is flooded when dams are being created. Many people have to move house. There is danger in case it floods or overflows.

Question 29

The youthful stage

Answer 29

This is where the most erosion occurs. It forms V-shaped valleys and waterfalls.

Question 30

V-shaped valleys

Answer 30

Occur when the river erodes the valley and flows down as a result of gravity. It continues and gradually looks V-shaped.

Question 31

Waterfalls

Answer 31

Occur when the river erodes soft rock if front of hard rock. It undercuts the hard rock which eventually breaks off and that makes a waterfall.

Question 32

Mature stage

Answer 32

The slope is flatter than the youthful stage. It doesn’t flow down as fast. It forms flood plains and meanders.

Question 33

Flood plain

Answer 33

Is made when a river floods and lays down alluvium on the valley floor.

Question 34

Meander

Answer 34

Are made when a river erodes its outer bend and deposits on its inner bend.

Question 35

Erosion

Answer 35

The wearing away of rock, it’s transportation and its deposition

Question 36

Deposition

Answer 36

When a river slows down, loses energy, deposits some material
Happens when a river enters a lake, the inner bends of a meander, flat plain or when a river enters the sea