Flashcards in Chordates Deck (469)
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1
Chordate zoology is what type of biology
whole-organism biology (not just cell, function, form,.. everything)
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organismal biology
research at the level of the whole organism, integrated over structure, function, ecology, and evolution
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organism structure
anatomy, morphology
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organism function
physiology, behaviour
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evolution
phylogeny
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functional morphology
focuses on the link between form (morphology) and performance
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ecological morphology
focuses on the link between performance and ecology (ecomorphs, ecomorphotypes)
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ecomorph
species with the same structural habitat/niche, similar in morphology and behavior, but not necessarily close phyletically
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ecomorphotype
Any morphological modification caused by, or related to, specific ecological conditions
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integrative biology
near synonym for organismal biology; brings different aspects of organisms and their environment together
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comparative biology
an area of research that attempts to explain biodiversity and its adaptive radiation in a phylogenetic (historical) framework (comparative method)
how phylogeny tests/explains hypotheses
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natural history
scientific study of the organism in its natural surroundings
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kinds of chordates
Tunicata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata
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Tunicata includes
tunicates and sea squirts
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Tunicata was formerly called
Urochordata (also protochordates- not valid taxonomic name)
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Cephalochordata includes
lancelets (amphioxus)
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Numbers of chordate species
Tunicata - 2150
Cephalochorddata - 25
Vertebrata - 63 600
*numbers are always changing
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tunicates
free-living larva, sessile adult
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shared characteristics of chordates
notochord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal gill slits
endostyle
muscular postanal tail
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notochord
incorporated in vertebral column in vertebrates
stiff, flexible rod, runs length of back, provides connections for body muscles, and support
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dorsal hollow nerve cord
spinal cord with brain at anterior end in vertebrates
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pharyngeal gill slits
slits in pharynx/throat region through which water passes and food particles are filtered out, involved in filter-feeding and gas exchange
retained in fish- gas exchange
tetrapods- gill slits disappear in adults
gill arches become jaws and other structures in vertebrates
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endostyle
ciliated groove before larynx
secretes mucus to trap food
homologous with thyroid gland in vertebrates
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muscular postanal tail
extension of the body that runs past the anal opening
only present in embryonic stage of humans
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paedomorphosis
retaining juvenile characteristics into adult hood
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sister group to vertebrates
urochordata (most current theory)
vertebrates and urochordates are sister group to cephalochordates
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pattern vs. process
phylogeny vs. scenario
current phylogenetic theory (pattern), process (scenario) yet to be determined
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myomeres
blocks of skeletal muscle tissue found commonly in chordates. commonly zig-zag, "W" or "V"-shaped muscle fibers
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possible first chordate
Pikaia
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