Flashcards in Ecology Part II Deck (541)
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1
Major communities
Aquatic
Terrestrial
2
Aquatic communities
Marine
Freshwater
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Marine communities
estuaries, intertidal, sub-tidal kelp beds, pelagic, deep sea, coral reefs
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Terrestrial communities
tundra, temperate coniferous forests, temperate deciduous forests, grasslands, deserts, tropical forests
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temperate coniferous forests
Boreal/Taiga
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Estuaries are
partially enclosed body of water where freshwater flows into the ocean and mixes with salt water
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Estuaries have
variable salinity, pH, sediments, nutrients, temperature
large # niches, biodiversity, productivity
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important estuary ecology
major stopover for migratory birds throughout world
ex. fraser estuary
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Different types of tides
MHWS, MHWN, MLWN, MLWS
Mean high/low water neap/spring
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smaller high/low tides
neap tide
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larger high/low tides
spring tides
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Emersion curve
MHWS, MHWN, MLWN, MLWS (ft) vs. % exposure to air (0-100)
MLWS- pretty much 0%
curve tends towards 100 towards MHWS
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Subtidal kelp bed ecology
high PP on planet
physical protection to shoreline communities
foraging/shelter for large # species
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Types of benthic communities
Hot vents
Glass Sponge reefs
Deep water coral reefs (bioherms)
15
Arctic marine communities
frozen ocean surrounded by land
~4000m depth, ~3m ice
upper 15m low salinity
layering of Atl./Pac. water
high summer plankton, cod, seals
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Antarctic communities
frozen continent surrounded by ocean
~98% ice up to 2km thick
mountainous- up4500m
low diversity- bacteria, lichen, penguins
ocean high PP and diversity
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lake classifications
oligotrophic
dysotrophic
mesotrophic
eutrophic
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oligotrophic
clear water - low productivity
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dystrophic
stained lakes - low productivity
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mesotrophic
intermediate productivity
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eutrophic
high productivity
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lake stratification
separation of lakes into three layers- Epilimnion, Metalimnion, Hypolimnion
due to density change with temperature
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epilimnion
top of the lake
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metalimnion
thermocline
middle layer- may change depth throughout the day
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hypolimnion
bottom layer
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dimictic lake
lake water turns over during the spring and the fall due to the higher density colder water and of 4ºC water, lower density of ice and warm water
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Tundra characteristics
3-6mnths dark, north America, north Europe/Asia ice/snow/permafrost
surface soil .5m thaws in summer
3 strata
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tundra strata
soild
ground
low shrubs
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tundra ecology
cold-hardy plants
aquatic/terrestrial insects
shorebirds, waterfowl, seasonal
hare, fox, wolves, caribou, grizz, polar bear
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