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SOC1110 > Chp 10 - Race & Ethnicity > Flashcards

Chp 10 - Race & Ethnicity Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

define SALIENT

A

what is seemingly initially noticeable

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2
Q

define SALIENCE PRINCIPLE

A

idea we categorize pl on basis of what appears initially prominent and obvious

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3
Q

t/f: race and ethnicity are not social constructs

A

false

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4
Q

why are race and ethnicity social constructs

A
  • definitions change across time and location
  • not biologically constructed (no pure race)
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5
Q

define RACE

A

group treated as distinct in society based on presumed biological and cultural characteristics assigned social importance

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6
Q

define RACIALIZATION

A

process which some groups come to be defined as a “true race”

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7
Q

give example of racialization

A

Nazis called Jews (an ethnic group) a race

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8
Q

define MINORITY GROUP

A

subordinate group w/less control/power (not numbers) over their lives

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of a minority group

A
  • unequal tx
  • distinguishing cultural characteristics
  • involuntary membership
  • solidarity
  • endogamy
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10
Q

define ETHNIC GROUP

A

social category of ppl who share common culture and define themselves as having collective identity

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11
Q

define PANETHNICITY

A

result of multiple ethnic groups coming together to forge new collective identity for some common purpose

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12
Q

define RAICAL FORMATION

A

process directly linked to exploitation of racial groups which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed

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13
Q

in racial formation, who produce and maintain meaning of race

A

official institutions

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14
Q

in racial formation, what must happen to change the construction of race

A

mobilization of institutions and ppl

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15
Q

define PREJUDICE

A

often negative beliefs based on misconceptions and false generalizations on group membership based on definition of culture and rooted in ethnocentrism

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16
Q

t/f: prejudice cannot happen w/o discrimination

A

false

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17
Q

define DISCRIMINATION

A

actions that deny opportunities and/or equal rights

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18
Q

t/f: discrimination cannot happen w/o prejudice

A

false (but its rare)

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19
Q

how can discrimination be found

A

audit studies

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20
Q

define AUDIT STUDIES

A

research projects where 2 ppl identical in almost every aspect present themselves to potential tenants/employers

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21
Q

define STEREOTYPE

A

oversimplified set of beliefs about members of social group based on tendency to categorize based on narrow range of perceived characteristics

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22
Q

define STEREOTYPE INTERCHANGEABILITY

A

generally negative stereotype that is interchangeable from 1 group to another

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23
Q

define STEREOTYPE THREAT

A

reminder and knowledge that stereotypes influence ppl’s behavior affecting anxiety and performance

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24
Q

define REDLINING

A

act where banks don’t provide loans to some neighborhoods causing very racially segregated neighborhoods

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25
define RACISM
institutionalized perception and tx of racial/ethnic group/member as intellectually/socially/culturally inferior to dominant group
26
define AVERSIVE RACISM
subtle and covert form of racism
27
define IMPLICIT BIAS
largely unconscious form of racism bc culture forces unconscious associations
28
define LAISSEZ-FAIRE RACISM
maintaining status quo of racial groups by persistent stereotyping and blaming of minorities for achievement and socioeconomic gaps in groups especially in media
29
define COLOR BLIND RACISM
ignoring legitimate racial/ethnic/cultural differences which hides white privilege
30
define INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
"racism w/o racists"; dominant groups subjugating minorities even if ppl don't have explicit intent of prejudice
31
define AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
positive effort to recruit minorities/women for jobs/promotions/education
32
how did WWII affect race?
irish/itaians/polish/Eastern europeans were considered white
33
describe the FEDERAL HOUSING AUTHORITY (FHA)
you pay 10-20% down on house and govn't will pay the rest, only applied to white veterans
34
rank the bias motivations for single-crime in 2020 from most to least
1. race/ethnicity/ancestry 2. sexual orientation 3. religion 4. gender identity 5. disability 6. gender
35
define PEGGY MCINTOSH'S INVISIBLE KNAPSACK
white privilege is a weightless, invisible knapsack
36
define NATURALIZATION ACT OF 1790
repealed act that restricted naturalization only to free white ppl of good moral character
37
define IMMIGRATION ACT (aka NATINAL ORIGINS ACT)
establish ethnic quotas proportionate to population groups already in US and barred convicts, lunatics, idiots, and imbeciles through grossly biased tests
38
define RACE-IMMIGRATION NEXUS
pattern where immigrant experiences are shaped by racial divisions and at the same time racial divisions shape experiences of immigrants
39
which group has higher poverty and unemployment rate than overall population
indigenous
40
who is the largest ethnic minority and are not immigrants (..?)
latinos
41
what was performed on puerto rican women?
sterilization and reproductive experiments
42
what are the top three asian immigrant groups in the US starting with the largest
1. chinese 2. indian 3. filipino
43
who are the white anglo saxon protestants
1st EU inhabitants from england/scottland/wales
44
define IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT (aka HART CELLAR ACT)
eliminated national origins quota, gave priority immigration to family reunification, and allowed highly skilled immigrants work creating a bifurcated labor force
45
define BIFURCATED LABOR FORCE
highly skilled and educated immigrants AND undocumented low-wage workers
46
define RACIAL STRATIFICATION
systemic inequality where race & ethnicity mark differential access to economic, social, political, and cultural resources as a result of institutional racism
47
define SEGREGATION
spatial and social separation of racial and ethnic groups (de jure and de facto)
48
define CONCENTRATED POVERTY
at least 40% population is poor
49
define WHITE SPACE
perception African Americans have of places where they are typically absent/not expected/marginalized when present
50
define NATIVISM
extreme beliefs and policies that declare citizens of nation superior
51
define CODE OF STREET
unique cultural meaning system and set of behavior that is an adaptation to specific challenges of poverty
52
define CULTURAL PLURALISM
different groups in society maintan distinct cultures while coexisting peacefully w/dominant groupi
53
define URBAN UNDERCLASS
those stuck at bottom of class system are subjected to disturbing social problems
54
describe ASSIMILATION THEORY
- stable social structure from assimilation - minority assimilated as they adopt practices and beliefs of dominant group - social change = slow and gradual
55
describe CULTURE-STRUCTURE THEORY
- culture and structure shape each other - minorities have same values for success as dominant - culture adapts to social conditions creating social change
56
define CLASS RACE THEORY
- class and race both shape life changes but their relationship changes based on economic situation - class can differentiate status of minority groups but doesn't make race irrelevant - manufacturing economy --> service economy causes class to be influential in determining opportunities
57
define INTERSECTIONAL THEORY
- race, class, and gender intersect in matrix of domination in society - minorities have life chances from opportunities formed by intersection of class, race, and gender - mobilization of groups to resist oppression create social change
58
what do functionalists believe about race
- racism creates cohesion among minorities - minorities keeping status quo creates and reinforces unequal values and keeps society from changing to quickly - justification for not changing causes stereotypes
59
according to functionalists, dysfunction of racism is discrimination which leads to
- failure to use ppl's abilities - aggravates social problems - spend time and money to defend policies - hurts relationships w/other nations
60
what do conflict theorists believe about race
exploitation theory and racial profiling
61
define EXPLOITATION THEORY
racism keeps minorities supplying the dominant group cheap labor
62
symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists can both agree that racial profiling
is used to control minorities
63
what do symbolic interactionists believe about race
contact hypothesis and racial profiling
64
define CONTACT HYPOTHESIS
must have interracial contact between people of equal status and cooperative circumstances to diminish racism
65

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