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SOC1110 > Chp 7 - Deviance > Flashcards

Chp 7 - Deviance Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

define DEVIANCE

A

behavior violating expected rules and norms created by society

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of deviance

A

formal and informal

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3
Q

define FORMAL DEVIANCE

A

breaks laws/official rules

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4
Q

define INFORMAL DEVIANCE

A

violates customs/norms

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5
Q

what are the societal consequences of deviance

A

positive or negative social order and change

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6
Q

what are the individual consequences of deviance

A

stigma and limitation of personal rights

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of deviance

A
  • social context matters
  • reaction to behaviors creates deviance
  • deviant things can change over time
  • deviance reinforces social norms
  • social movements organize to identify something as deviant
  • tendency to medicalize
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8
Q

what does it mean when social context matters in relation to deviance

A

acts are not intrinsically deviant but situation/circumstances/ppl make it so

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9
Q

how does deviance reinforces social norms

A

punishment or rewards

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10
Q

define MEDICALIZATION OF DEVIANCE

A

belief someone who is deviant is sick and needs cure thru psychological tx

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11
Q

define SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

A

networks of groups that organize to support/resist changes in society

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12
Q

define DEVIANT IDENTITY

A

definition person has of themselves as deviant

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13
Q

define STIGMA

A

social devaluation and discreditation of attribute

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14
Q

define DEVIANT CAREER

A

sequence of movements made thru particular subculture of deviance causing ppl to be socialized into new deviant occupational role

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15
Q

t/f: deviant career is a direct result of the labeling process

A

true

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16
Q

define DEVIANT COMMUNITIES

A

groups organized around particular forms of social deviance that maintains own values, norms, and rewards for deviant behavior and is closed off from conventional society

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17
Q

define SOCIAL CONTROL

A

techniques and strategies to prevent ppl from straying from norms

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18
Q

define DE JURE SOCIAL CONTROL

A

social control enforced by laws/authorized agents

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19
Q

define DE FACTO SOCIAL CONTROL

A

social control enforced by ppl

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20
Q

define CRIME

A

form of deviant behavior violating particular criminal laws

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21
Q

t/f: all crime is deviance but not all deviance is crime

A

true

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22
Q

define CRIMINOLOGY

A

study of crime from social scientific perspective

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23
Q

list the types of crime

A

personal & property, hate crimes, human trafficking, gender-based violence, cybercrime, victimless crime, elite and white collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, terrorism

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24
Q

what is the most frequent type of crime

A

property

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25
give examples of personal and property crimes
murder, rape, assault, robbery, theft
26
define HATE CRIMES
criminal offense motivated in whole/part by bias against race/religion/disability/ethnicity/sexual orientation
27
give examples of hate crimes
lynching, vandalism of synagogues, assaults on LGBTQ
28
define HUMAN TRAFFICKING
compelling/coercing person to engage in some form of labor/service/commercial sex
29
give examples of human trafficking
sex trafficking, forced labor, illegal recruitment of soldiers
30
define GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
describes various forms of violence associated w/unequal power relationships between men and women
31
give examples of gender-based violence
rape, domestic violence, incest, sexual abuse, stalking
32
define CYBERCRIME
illegal activities thru computers
33
give examples of cyber crimes
hacking and identity theft
34
give examples of VICTIMLESS CRIMES
violates laws but no victim complaints
35
give examples of victimless crimes
gambling, illegal drug use, prostitution
36
give examples of WHITE COLLAR CRIME
embezzlement, insider trading, tax evasion
37
define WHITE COLLAR CRIME
done by ppl of high social status in course of business activities
38
define CORPORATE CRIME
wrongdoing done by corporation that is punishable by the government
39
define ORGANIZED CRIME
done by structured groups gen around provision of illegal goods/services
40
give examples of organized crime
weapons smuggling, prostitution, gambling, money laundering
41
define TERRORISM
unlawful use of force/violence against ppl/property to intimidate/coerce government/civilians to further social/political objectives
42
define RACIAL PROFILING
use race as only criterion for deciding whether to stop and detain someone on suspicion of committing crime
43
what do functionalists believe about racism?
- deviance rewards and punishments cause social cohesion, order, stability, and boundaries - social strains and loss of social bonds create crime and deviance
44
define ANOMIE
condition when social regulations break down and cause loss of direction and normlessness
45
what are the types of suicide in Durkheim's theory?
- anomic - altruistic - egoistic - fatalistic
46
define ANOMIC SUICIDE
caused by disintegrating forces leading to depression and loneliness
47
define ALTRUISTIC SUICIDE
usually for religious/political causes bc of excessive regulation of ppl by social forces
48
what are types of anomic suicide
teen and veteran suicide
49
define EGOISTIC SUICIDE
caused by feeling detached from society from weakened societal bonds/poor integration into social networks
50
what things can cause societal bonds to be weakened
retirement, relationship loss, economic hardship, etc
51
define FATALISTIC SUICIDE
caused by feeling hopeless bc of extreme overregulation/total oppression
52
define MERTON'S STRUCTURAL STRAIN THEORY
deviance is bc of tension from gap between cultural goals and means ppl have to achieve those goals
53
define MERTON'S ANOMIE THEORY
describes/categorizes ppl based on how they deviate from norms
54
what are the types in Merton's anomie theory?
conformist, ritualist, retreatist, rebel, and innovator
55
what is the difference between the conformist and ritualist (Merton's anomie theory)?
- conformist = conscious decision - ritualist = do what I do and never question
56
what is the difference between the innovator and the rebel (Merton's anomie theory)
- rebel = i'm going to do what I want to do - innovator = finds new ways/opportunities
57
define SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY
deviance happens when person/group's social bonds are weakened bc social norms usually prevent impulses of deviance
58
what does conflict theory believe about deviance?
- dominant control definition and sanctions attached to crime & deviance - result of social inequality - elite and corporate crime & deviance go largely unrecognized and unpunished - emphasizes social control and power relationships
59
define DIFFERENTIAL JUSTICE
social control exercised differently by groups
60
define WELFARE CHEATS
use welfare support but have and do things that betray need for support
61
how much money did Enron cost?
$74 billion
62
how much money does the opioid crisis cost per year?
$50 billion per year
63
what do symbolic interactionists believe about deviance?
- crime/deviance is a social construct as a result of culture - focuses on decision making process that creates deviant identity - cultural transmission
64
define CULTURAL TRANSMISSION
humans learn how to behave in social situation whether it is proper or not
65
define DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION
ppl exposed to attitudes/ppl favorable to criminal acts leading to violation of rules
66
what are the 2 components of differential association
attitudes and know hows
67
what is the critique for differential association
blames deviance on values of particular groups which can lead to classism
68
define LABELING THEORY
response to act determines deviance (not behavior itself)
69
according to labeling theory, deviant careers must have...
- learning - labeling (assignment of deviant identity by others) - career track - community of others
70
define SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY
crime happens bc of absence of communal relationships and social institutions
71
what is the critique of social disorganization theory
blames the victim
72
what did ADLER AND CHESNEY-LIND believe?
approaches to deviance and crime were developed with men in mind; women are accused of character crimes
73
what is an example of a character crime
hanging with the wrong crowd
74
which gender commits more crime
men
75
who fears crime more?
women
76
who is more likely to be the victim of a crime?
men
77
who commits harm against their partner more often
women commit more harm to male partners more often
78
who is more effective in harming their partner
men
79
list the gender categories of offender vs victim in order from most to least common
1. male off/male vic 2. male off/female vic 3. female off/male vic 4. female off/female vic
80
what percent of crime is a male offender vs male victim
65%
81
what percent of crime is a male offender vs female victim
25%
82
what percent of crime is a female offender vs male victim
10%
83
what percent of crime is a female offender vs female victim
2%
84
what types of crimes do women typically commit
monetary, drugs, and murder (of those who bother them)
85
why were women more impacted by the war on drugs sentencings
didn't have info to trade away for lesser sentencing
86
what is the % of sexual violence against women
50%
87
what is the likelihood of assault
3/4
88
what is the likelihood of sexual violence against men
1 in 3
89
what is the likelihood of being killed by a serial killer
1 in 645,000
90
what is the likelihood of being killed in a car crash
1 in 8547
91
define DANGER
potential harm that is not necessarily quantified
92
define RISK
calculated likelihood
93

SOC1110 (12 decks)

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