Chp 8 - Social Class Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
define ESTATE SYSTEM
A
system where elite have total control of societal resources & property
2
Q
who are the elites in an estate system
A
nobles, capitalists, priests
3
Q
what class system is most common in agricultural societies
A
estate system
4
Q
define CASTE SYSTEM
A
rigid hierarchy of ascribed status
5
Q
how is the caste system preserved
A
thru formal law and cultural practices
6
Q
define CLASS SYSTEMS
A
class stratification with achieved statuses
7
Q
how do class systems differ from caste systems
A
class systems are less rigid bc class divisions are blurred; also believe in possibility of mobility
8
Q
define STATUS
A
socially defined position in group/society
9
Q
define ASCRIPTION
A
designation of ascribed status according to birth
10
Q
define SOCIAL CLASS
A
position relative to economic, social, political, and cultural resources of society which determines access to resources
11
Q
t/f: social class is an attribute of people and not a feature of society
A
false
12
Q
social class dictates that similar ____ are given to those who share common culture (class)
A
opportunities
13
Q
how is social class observed
A
displays
14
Q
what are the 3 factors of social class
A
wealth, education, occupation prestige
15
Q
define INCOME
A
amount of money earned by household
16
Q
define WEALTH
A
cumulative monetary value of everything one owns with intergenerational effects
17
Q
define NETWORTH
A
wealth when debts are subtracted from assets
18
Q
how many Americans have a negative or zero networth
A
1/3
19
Q
define SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
A
measure of class standing indicating by income, education, and occupation prestige
20
Q
define OCCUPATION PRESTIGE
A
amount of control someone in that job has to make decisions
21
Q
list the types of classes
A
capitalist, upper middle, lower middle, working, working poor, underclass
22
Q
what are the attributes of the capitalist class
A
- investors, heirs, top execs
- $1 million income
- prestigious university
23
Q
what are the attributes of upper middle class
A
- professionals and upper managers
- university and some graduate education
- +$125,000
24
Q
what percent of the population are in the capitalist class
A
1%
25
what percent of the population are in the upper middle class
15%
26
what percent of the population are in the lower middle class
34%
27
what are the attributes of the lower middle class
- semiprofessionals, lower managers, craftspeople, foremen
- highschool/college and trade
- $60,000
28
what are the attributes of the working class
- factor & clerical workers, craftspeople, low-paid retail sales
- highschool
- $36,000
29
what percent of population are in the working class
30%
30
what are the attributes of the working poor class
- laborers, service workers, low-paid salespeople
- some/complete highschool
- $19,000
31
what percent of the population are in working poor class
15%
32
what percent of the population are in the underclass
5%
33
what are attributes of the underclass
- unemployed/part-time/on welfare
- some highschool
- < $12,000
34
define LIFE CHANCES
opportunities people have
35
why can people have similar life chances if they are different racially, sexually, etc
similar social class
36
define CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION
ostentatious display of goods to define one's social status
37
define ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTING
change in economy leading to decrease earning power and increased unemployment
38
define SEDIMENTATION OF RACIAL INEQUALITY
accumulation of effects of discriminatory policies even if they don't exist anymore
39
define SOCIAL MOBILITY
movement from 1 class to another that is either intergenerational or intragenerational
40
define OPEN CLASS SYSTEM
class system that believes in social mobility
41
define CLOSED CLASS SYSTEM
class system that does not believe in social mobility
42
define MERITOCRACY
system in which one's status is from merit/achievements
43
define MODEL MINORITY
idea minority must adopt alleged dominant group values to succeed
44
define CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS
belief class structure exists w/feeling of shared identification w/others in one's class
45
what are the 2 dimensions of class consciousness
- idea that class structure exists
- one's class identification
46
define FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS
description of class consciousness of subordinate classes who internalized view of dominant class
47
___, __, and ___ all affect each other simultaneously to create each other
class, race, and gender
48
what percent of people stay within 1 social class of where they started
74%
49
intergenerational mobility in the US is lower than
France, Germany, Sweden, Canada, Finland, Norway, and Denmark
50
intergenerational mobility in the US is higher than
the UK
51
define POVERTY LINE
amount of money to support basic needs determined by government
52
what is used to calculate the poverty line and why is it inaccurate
cost of food; housing is the most expensive cost
53
the poverty line is < ____/year or <____/day
$20,000; $2.00
54
what is the overall poverty rate
11-12%
55
what racial group is most in poverty
african americans
56
how does the poverty rate of latinos, hispanics, asian american, and white compare
about the same (lower than blacks)
57
define the DEFENSE OF MARRIAGE ACT
poor women marry so they aren't poor
58
why does the defense of marriage act not work
poor women only know other poor people (combined poverty doesn't get ppl out of poverty)
59
what are outcomes of class
- political beliefs/voting patterns/likelihood
- health outcomes
- crime outcomes
- education options
60
how is crime affected by class
differential justice; rich have access to better lawyers
61
how is health affected by class
access to grocery stores/fitness clubs/insurance
62
define TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF)
gives states grants to administer own welfare programs
63
what are the requirements for TANF
- lifetime limit 5 years
- must find work within 2 years
- must do community service if work not found
- single mothers must identify fathers
- teen parents must be in school & live w/adult
64
define CONCENTRATED POVERTY
at least 40% in given census area live below federal poverty line
65
what are the most likely groups to be in concentrated poverty
hispanic, native americans, and african americans
66
define CULTURE OF POVERY
belief that major causes of poverty are no work values and irresponsibility
67
what are structural casuses of poverty
reconstructing economy and status of women
68
describe FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY
a large group of poor are women and children
69
what are the reasons for the feminization of poverty
- women are sole income
- decrease proportion of elderly poor
- lack of childcare/support
- less education
- no fault divorce laws
- less/outlive retirement money
70
SI perspective on education
- definition of class
- how is class perceived?
- how do people react and treat others?
71
according to SI theorists how is class perceived
props, status symbols, accents, etc
72
how do functionalists view social class
- inequality motivates ppl to fill needed position
- higher positions lead to greater rewards and motivation
- poverty serves and benefits society
- system is fair
73
what are the 13 functions of poverty
- do dirty work
- poor subsidize economic activities of rich and middle
- fill occupations that serve the poor
- poor buy goods the rich/middle won't buy
- rich can be charitable
- bare brunt of social change
- participate in political processes
- gives society someone to blame
- over vicarious participation in sex, drugs, etc
- rich collect artifacts from poor
- provide someone for the rich/middle to be above
- provide upward mobility of groups above
- uphold conventional norms (poor deserve it)
74
how do conflict theorists view social class
- inequality controls and exploits subordinates and prevents talents of bottom
- elites shape bliefs to make unequal privilege seem fair
- poverty is inevitable
- class is ascribed
- ppl have false consciousness that class is self-fulfilling
- public is more concerned about crime done by underclass
75
conflict theorists believe that a decrease significance of ___ but increase signifance of ____
race; class
76
what are aspects of concerted cultivation
- parent actively fosters and assess child's talents/opinions/skills
- multiple child leisure activities
- child contest adult statements
- negotiation between parent and child
- emerging sense of entitlement in child
77
what are aspects of accomplishment of natural growth
- parent cares for child & allows them to grow
- "hang out" with child
- child contestation rare
- dependence on institutions
- sense of powerless and frustation
- emerging sense of constrain on part of child
78
MOST POOR PEOPLE ARE WHITE
a) true
b) false
true
79
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS HAVE HIGHER RATES OF POVERTY THAN WHITES
a) asian americans
b) native americans
c) hispanic americans
d) all of above
d) all of the above
80
A MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MARX'S AND WEBER'S UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL CLASS IS THAT
a) Marx emphasized one's life chances in his understanding of social class
b) Weber recognized that social classes also differ w/respect to their power and status
c) Marx put more emphasis on how race and gender intersected with class
d) Weber argued that social discrimination can lead to class inequality
b) Weber recognized that social classes also differ w/respect to their power and status
81
DR SMITH IS AN OPEN HEART SURGEON WHO WAS TRAINED AT A TOP-TIER MED SCHOOL. WHICH THEORIST WOULD ARGUE THAT DR SMITH'S HIGH PAY REFLECTS THE NEEDS OF SOCIETY FOR SURGEONS AND THAT SURGEONS ARE LESS REPLACEABLE THAN MANY OTHER LOW-PAYING PROFESSIONS?
a) functionalists
82
EXTREME POVERTY IS DEFINED AS LIVING BELOW ___ PER DAY
a) $20
b) $15
c) $7.50
d) $2
d) $2
83
THE MONEY A PERSON GETS FROM A WAGE, SALARY, OR INVESTMENTS IS __; THE ASSESTS AN INDIVIDUAL OWNS ARE ___
a) wealth; property
b) income; wealth
c) wealth; income
d) income; inherited
b) income; wealth
84
THE CULTURE OF POVERTY ARGUMENT IS A WAY TO BLAME __ FOR POVERTY
a) the structure of society
b) those who live in poverty
c) the rich
d) all of these
b) those who live in poverty
85
WITH REGARD TO SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE US, MOST PPL MOVE __ SOCIAL CLASSES IN THEIR LIFETIME
a) as much as three
b) 0-1
c) 2-3
d) more than 3
b) 0-1
86
CURRENT WELFARE POLICIES REQUIRE RECIPIENTS TO
a) work within 2 years of receiving benefits
b) have a lifetime limit of 5 years
c) perform community service for free, if they cannot find work
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
87
THE FAMILY HEADED BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING THAT IS MOST LIKELY TO BE IN POVERTY IS
a) white, non-hispanic men
b) hispanic women
c) asian-american women
d) african-american married couples
b) hispanic women
88
WHICH CHILD-REARING APPROACH IS CHARACTERIZED BY MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES ORGANIZED BY ADULTS?
a) concerted cultivation
b) accomplishment of natural growth
c) concerted natural growth
d) cultivation of natural habits
a) concerted cultivation
89
CHILDREN EXPOSED TO ____ ARE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE LARGER VOCABULARIES AND GREATER VERBAL AGILITY?
a) concerted cultivation
b) accomplishment of natural growth
c) concerted natural growth
d) cultivation of natural habits
a) concerted cultivation
90
