Chp 3 Art and Style of Proactive Leadership Flashcards
START
One of the critical management issues of today is ______.
leadership
Reflecting on leadership as described by Amitai Etzioni, Richard Hall points out that leadership is a special form of power closely related to the ability of the leader to elicit the followers’_______in a broad range of matters.
voluntary compliance
Perusing our personal libraries, we came up with over 30 different definitions of leadership. Simply summarized, leadership is the ability to ________.
get things done under the right circumstances
_________ anticipate day- to- day events. They do not wait for events to reach them; they plan for events. They form a team that is flexible enough to seek a wide variety of solutions to the every-day problems of police management. This entails a deep commitment to __________ so that the eventual crises that do reach their desks do not overwhelm them.
Proactive leaders
contingency planning
To exercise this proactive leadership, five essential areas of competence are needed: • A\_\_\_\_ • T\_\_\_\_\_ • E\_\_\_\_\_ • E\_\_\_\_\_ • T\_\_\_\_\_
- Authority
- Talent
- Experience
- Ethics
- Training and education
Authority in an organization can be exercised in two ways: ________or___________.
through the person of the officeholder or through the office itself
Max Weber’s concept of charismatic authority is one of the earliest and clearest conceptions of authority being exercised through the person rather than the office. Weber describes the three major bases for legitimate authority:
- R______
- T______
- C_______
- Rational grounds , which rest on a belief in the “ legality” of patterns of normative rules and the right of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue commands ( legal authority)
- Traditional grounds , which rest on an established belief in the sanctity of immemorial traditions and the legitimacy of the status of those exercising authority under them ( traditional authority)
- Charismatic grounds , which rest on devotion to the specific and exceptional sanctity, heroism, or exemplary character of an individual person ( charismatic authority)
According to Weber, “ In its pure form, charismatic authority has a character specifically foreign to _________. The social relationships directly involved are strictly personal.”
everyday routine structures
To create stability in the organization, charismatic authority needs to be channeled into the mechanics of a _________, thus taking on all the trappings of legitimate authority based on legal and rational grounds. Charismatic authority, with its reliance on personal relationships, creates inconsistent policies based on personal whims and often breaks down.
routine bureaucracy
Over time, the charismatic figure institutes the normal legalistic aspects of a rational bureaucracy, namely ( 1) a set of w______ that persist over time and that are adhered to, ( 2) a clearly identified set of a_______ with their authority specifically defined and limited, and ( 3) a h_________ with publicly known operational lines of authority.
written rules
administrative officials
hierarchical organization
Modern, organized society, however, is basically a bureaucratic society based on rational ________ .
legal authority
A talented police leader is one who also has a ___________. He or she must be able to understand theoretical concepts as they relate to the job and be able to create abstract plans and operationalize these plans. This involves a high degree of abstract manipulation of data and the ability to comprehend and make the most use of the computer age.
high degree of intelligence.
Talented police leaders must also have what has been called a certain ________; that is, they have to have a grasp of politics and be pragmatic problem solvers. They must also be ________— that is, individuals who truly want to get the job done.
native shrewdness
goal oriented
A leader must have a sense of _____and _____to get the job done amid conflicting pressures. Our police leaders must also be excellent ________. They need to be clear and forceful yet be able to listen and understand other points of view. Their ideas of leadership need to be marketed just as ____and _____ market ideas.
fair play and balance
communicators
business and industry
Management skills are developed through the exercise of______ and_______ experience.
management and administrative
The operational and technical skills needed for administrators must be superseded by the necessary _______and _______skills needed to manage a police department.
human relations and conceptual
Some of this lack of experience can be made up with a good management training program. Police leaders can be trained in how to draw up and present a budget, in what is necessary in exercising leadership skills in relation to personnel, and in what goes into such items as contingency planning and communication networks. Thus, what is necessary in the exercise of proactive police leadership is a careful blend of a____, e_____, e____, and, finally, t___________.
ability, experience, ethics, and, finally, training and education.
Police leaders are promoted, appointed, and elected, in most cases, without any _________.
further training in management skills
The specific management skills based on recent deliberations on executive training are as follows:
• Police chief as _____
• ______ of personnel
• P______ administration
• B_______
• S_____ and _____ planning
• Marketing services to the community through t______ and e______ means.
• E_______ command situations
• Legal issues involving o_____ and p______
• Planning for and upgrading p__________
- Police chief as leader
- Motivation of personnel
- Personnel administration
- Budgeting
- Strategic and short- term planning
- Marketing services to the community through traditional and electronic means
- Emergency command situations
- Legal issues involving operations and personnel administration
- Planning for and upgrading police technology
There is a need for ______________courses for newly promoted police executives. These should be readily available on a systematic, recurring, and regional basis.
systematic leadership/ management
Upon promotion, new administrators should have the opportunity to attend a _________.
regionally based or state training academy
In addition to management skills, police chief candidates must also be able to define what the ________ of the future is. As Garner discusses, this ________ includes communicating a clear mission statement that is derived from discussion with employees and community leaders.
department’s organizational vision
vision
There is a great deal of overlap in this area with communication models, since the style of police leadership is directly linked to the _________.
communication process within the agency.
When communication goes from the top to the bottom, with no feedback system, for example, the management style tends toward the ______and _______. When communication is two- way, ongoing, and considered to be effective in deciding policy between equals in an organizational structure, the management style tends toward the _________.
hierarchical and autocratic
democratic team approach
The following 13 approaches will be examined in terms of their applicability to the art and style of proactive police leadership:
- D______
- L_______
- E_______
- M_______
- D_______
- E_______
- T_______
- R_______
- K________
- M_______
- H________
- M_______
- T_______
- Dispersed leadership
- Leadership and Giving
- Effective leadership
- Managing in chaos
- Digital nervous system
- Emotional intelligence
- Total quality management ( TQM)
- Reengineering
- Katz’s three skills approach
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- Herzberg’s hygiene/ motivators approach to job satisfaction
- McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
- Theory Z
The main idea behind ________ is that all members of an organization are leaders. Whether a person is a dispatcher, patrol officer, field supervisor, or chief, operational policing requires all its members to make decisions, take actions, and be held accountable for what occurs. This forms the basis for the Leadership in Police Organizations course that was created by the _________ .
dispersed leadership
International Association of Chiefs of Police ( IACP)
As discussed at a national summit (IACP) held in 2005, dispersed leadership is based on the following concepts: Shared \_\_\_\_\_\_ Commitment to \_\_\_\_\_\_ Recognition of \_\_\_\_\_\_ Focus on \_\_\_\_\_\_
Shared understanding.
Commitment to shared goals and values.
Recognition of the different styles of leadership.
Focus on the individual and the organization.
Common definitions and knowledge are needed to discuss what leadership is all about.
Shared understanding.
Members of an organization should understand the basic tenets of a department’s mission and values.
Commitment to shared goals and values.
This deals with the reality that people lead in different ways based on rank, job category, and the situation at hand. As discussed, “ leaders at different levels of the organization do different things and lead in different ways, ranging from face- to- face leadership to indirect leadership with infrequent personal contact”. Thus, leadership training must adapt to various roles and levels in the organization.
Recognition of the different styles of leadership.
This involves developing skills and knowledge that will benefit all members of the organization. What is needed— and is often the main problem in policing— is the need for a formal training and periodic and personal assessment of all organizational members
Focus on the individual and the organization.
Dispersed Leadership, Leadership in Police Organizations course:
What differentiates this program from others is the need for leadership to be taught at ______. For this program, assessment instruments are used to gauge a person’s strengths and weaknesses. The training course is presented to a cross section of personnel of about ____persons with assessors assigned to ____students.
all phases of a person’s career
24– 28
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Leadership and Giving Helping others is a theme that resounds in a recent work by James Grant, an organizational psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania. Grant ( 2013) points out that as the United States increasingly becomes a service- based economy, those buying and receiving services are concerned about interactions with and trust in the provider. Thus, three business relationship types have developed in many organizations: t____, g____, and m_____.
takers, givers, and matchers.
Effective Leadership A recent trend in management seminars has been the paradigm of ________. The most popular and successful of this genre is the Stephen Covey series, ___________, first published in 1989.
“ effective habits” of leaders in business or public service
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Leaders
Managing in Chaos: The following recommendations for addressing disasters of such outrageous proportions are based on our own experiences and from various police and private- sector after- action reviews of September 11: 1. Be \_\_\_\_. 2. C\_\_\_\_\_. 3. T\_\_\_\_\_. 4. G\_\_\_\_\_. 5. M\_\_\_\_\_. 6. H\_\_\_\_\_. 7. Be prepared \_\_\_\_\_\_. 8. D\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
- Be calm.
- Communicate.
- Take care of your people.
- Get back to business as soon as possible.
- Maintain critical communications.
- Have an incident command plan.
- Be prepared to retreat.
- Deal with post-event stress and physical conditions.
Digital Nervous System:
The most influential leader in the technological revolution is _________.
Bill Gates, former CEO of Microsoft, the company that developed the Windows software system.
In his book Business at the Speed of Thought ( 1999), Gates reviewed the operational and organizational changes taking place through “ digitizing” in operational practices ranging from paper reports to organizational design. He presented a number of business practices that organizational leaders should consider based on the adoption of digital tools. The major points were that p___________ can be eliminated and d________ can assist in the development of intra- organizational communication ( e- mail), v______, I_______, and increased attention to d_____ and a______.
The major points were that paper transactions can be eliminated and digital tools can assist in the development of intra- organizational communication ( e- mail), virtual teams, instant customer service, and increased attention to data collection and analysis.
Today the personal computer, cellphone, and Internet define how organizational decisions and interactions with customers are created and executed. Gates viewed this entire enterprise as a “_________” involving rapid activity and responses both within and outside the organization.
digital nervous system
The leadership factor for managing the digital enterprise is important to determine how information technology can best be obtained, applied, and managed for organizational processes and relations with customers. The most basic tenet here is that the leadership structure must ______________that is going on and be able to forecast potential applications.
comprehend and understand the technological revolution .
Most police departments remain based in the traditional organizational structure and often have limited resources for acquiring information technology. The application of the digital revolution around the United States, and the world for that matter, has created a sense of both reality and irony for many police departments: 1. _____________are increasing, but many smaller police departments still do not have the most basic application of computer technology.
Cyber crime complaints are increasing
Most police departments remain based in the traditional organizational structure and often have limited resources for acquiring information technology. The application of the digital revolution around the United States, and the world for that matter, has created a sense of both reality and irony for many police departments: 2. Collaboration is often difficult between intradepartmental units because of ________.
power and turf wars.
Most police departments remain based in the traditional organizational structure and often have limited resources for acquiring information technology. The application of the digital revolution around the United States, and the world for that matter, has created a sense of both reality and irony for many police departments: 3. There appears to be increased sharing of information between departments and districts by the development of _______________and crime/ suspect networks.
localized mobile radio district and crime/ suspect networks.
Most police departments remain based in the traditional organizational structure and often have limited resources for acquiring information technology. The application of the digital revolution around the United States, and the world for that matter, has created a sense of both reality and irony for many police departments: 4. The ______has become the digital office; the patrol officer can run data checks, match suspect information, complete reports in final form, and process a prisoner.
The patrol car has become the digital office; the patrol officer can run data checks, match suspect information, complete reports in final form, and process a prisoner, all in the front seat of a patrol car.
Most police departments remain based in the traditional organizational structure and often have limited resources for acquiring information technology. The application of the digital revolution around the United States, and the world for that matter, has created a sense of both reality and irony for many police departments: 5. Through _____________, police managers are being held accountable for crime trends and service calls in their area.
. Through Compstat and other forms of crime and police- service analysis,
Emotional Intelligence: We all are emotional human beings. Psychologist Daniel Goleman points out that leaders need to understand ___________. When leaders make judgments, they need to have categories that will help them analyze their own _______. Leaders also have to know how _______ affect police personnel.
both their own emotions and those of others.
emotional judgments.
emotions affect
