Chp 7 Proactive Police Tech for 21st Century Flashcards
START
A major problem for police managers in the next decades will be controlling and organizing ________. _________ must not drive police decisions. Police decisions need to be controlled by human police managers.
technology.
Technology
A major problem with Internet information is that there is simply __________. Another problem is identifying information sources that can be _______.
too much information for any human being to comprehend
trusted
When police went from walking a beat to patrolling in cars, the ________ drove policy. Police rode around in their patrol cars and were insulated from the public. It took a proactive use of __________ to move beyond the isolated officer in the patrol car.
technology
community policing
The ____________has once again resulted in technology controlling management policy. The enormous growth of service calls from _____ created a reaction- driven department over-whelmed by these service calls, from critical emergencies to trivial issues. The _______ police manager institutes a split force, prioritizes the responses to calls, and takes control of this unique communication system.
911 universal emergency phone number
911
proactive
As all institutions become more information driven, linking information access to _______ through computers becomes vital. This information has to be managed through proactive p_____,p______, and a______.
policy making
planning, packaging, and accessing.
Laptop and handheld computers in patrol vehicles become useful only when there is a _______ system in place to take advantage of them.
management
Secure _________ and organized _______ systems have to be in place before any computer is turned on. This means that the computer is only as good as the information put into the system and the intelligent use of the computer information system by human beings.
information channels and organized reporting systems
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: Before computerization, paper records got lost, created storage problems in terms of bulk, and were hard to handle. In order not to lose information, ________ was built into all police information systems. It took considerable time just to find things.
great redundancy
Information also has to be available in ______; in other words, police managers, supervisors, and line officers must be able to retrieve information from a number of sources in seconds.
real time
However, the computer is simply a tool, a machine, to process information. The computer does not create solutions, manage problems, or become a panacea for all solutions. Police managers manage and solve problems using the computer. Given this warning concerning the overreliance on computer technology, we also have the opposite end of the spectrum— that is, fear of computers. There are still police managers who cannot operate without hard copy ( a piece of paper) and who are fearful of using computers. These managers need to be _____ or ______.
retooled or retired.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: It was so easy to get the data and the data output that police managers asked for everything without thinking through what they wanted. Managers need to use computers as tools and ask for only the output they need to ________. The ability to _______ is the basic talent needed for police administration.
get their jobs done in the most efficient manner
ask the right question
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: The ________ system, then, is a compendium of criminal data, crime statistics, and prosecution records, and it is the means by which an authorized department member can access and retrieve information.
records management
The following items comprise the management information system, which becomes the lifeblood of the department for accountability and deployment and is the living record in dealing with crime and public safety services:
- P_____
- B____
- P_____
- V____
- A____
- I_______
- P______
- T_______
- S______of personnel.
- C_______.
- Payroll.
- Budget.
- Purchasing.
- Vehicle maintenance.
- Annual report.
- Inventory.
- Personnel.
- Training records.
- Scheduling of personnel.
- Community relations.
Productivity can be increased throughout the department by using data processing, at least in the following areas: C\_\_\_\_ reports F\_\_\_\_ E\_\_\_\_ control F\_\_\_\_ M\_\_\_\_ W\_\_\_\_ files T\_\_\_\_\_ C\_\_\_\_\_ V\_\_\_\_\_ checks B\_\_\_\_\_\_ H\_\_\_\_\_\_ D\_\_\_\_\_ M\_\_\_\_\_\_ C\_\_\_\_\_\_
Crime reports Fingerprints Evidence control Found property Modi operandi Warrant files Traffic tickets Court appearances Vacant house checks Burglar alarms Hazardous conditions Daily bulletins Mug- shot images Computer crime mapping
_________ enhances calls for service from the public and the dispatching of police cars and personnel.
Computer- aided dispatch ( CAD)
CAD, combined with information laptop technology and computer mapping, can supply a great deal of data and services to officers in their patrol cars. Its uses in technologically smart departments include the following: 1. ________ identification
- ______ planning
- H_______ identification
- Notification to _____ and _____ services
- Improved officer safety through _____ and ______ identification.
- ______ mapping for service call responses
- Access to multiple __________.
- Verification of all _____.
- Improved ______ through the use of information technology
- Rapid ________.
- Victim identification
- Patrol planning
- Hot spot identification
- Notification to emergency fire and medical services
- Improved officer safety through driver and vehicle identification
- Crime mapping for service call responses
- Access to multiple data resources, including stolen cars, outstanding warrants, and other calls to the same location
- Verification of all data
- Improved service through the use of information technology
- Rapid field report writing
Regardless of its range of services, the communications center is the “ front door” of a _______ system. It is also the information system for the organization because all informational resources are stored either in hard copy or on computers.
records management
CAD offers additional assistance in terms of hardware and software. Ideally, every time a call comes in or an incident is generated by a patrol unit, the event becomes an incident and is monitored by the _______ in the following ways:
• Assignment of a record number and _______.
• Monitoring of the ________.
• Checks of addresses or persons for _______.
• Checks for _______ on suspects
• Alerts to responding personnel regarding potential _______ or _______.
dispatcher
- Assignment of a record number and incident file
- Monitoring of the time spent on the incident
- Checks of addresses or persons for previous incidents
- Checks for warrants on suspects
- Alerts to responding personnel regarding potential violence or wanted persons
To assist field personnel, CAD systems also contain information on ______ and ______ patrol units need.
community and auxiliary resources patrol units need such as tow trucks, hazardous materials agencies, court locations and schedules, animal control personnel, and hospital phone numbers.
Ideally, CAD offers a number of factors for management purposes in terms of the following types of information:
• Type and date
• Name of complainant, suspect, or witness
• Classification of events according to ________ categories.
• Classification of each event according to ______ categories.
• _______ of the incident ( arrest, no action taken, under investigation, referred for further investigation/ open)
• Preparation of ________ for state and federal agencies
- Type and date
- Name of complainant, suspect, or witness
- Classification of events according to state crime- reporting categories
- Classification of each event according to department service categories
- Disposition of the incident ( arrest, no action taken, under investigation, referred for further investigation/ open)
- Preparation of special reports for state and federal agencies
A key feature of CAD is the use of ________ between the patrol units and the reduction of voice messages between the communications center and police personnel.
wireless transmissions
The trend in CAD is to reduce the amount of time spent on _________.
radio communications
Proactive Dispatch Benchmarks: CAD has been a useful tool for many years. Technologically sophisticated departments have used computer models to “ determine the most effective __________ with respect to call-for- service workload” ( Sweeny, to call-for-service workload”
deployment of personnel
Proactive Dispatch Benchmarks:
(In regard to Proactive use of dispatch) Thomas Sweeny states, “ Field testing of these various call management strategies in three cities by NIJ demonstrated that _____of all calls for service could be handled by an alternate approach rather than dispatch an officer for nonemergency calls.”
47%
Proactive Dispatch Benchmarks: The overwhelming number of callers had no problem with the use of the alternate approaches. Sweeny concludes that since 97 percent of alarm calls are false, these calls can be reduced by ____ percent by using the ______ developed by the National Burglar and Fire Alarm Association and “ proactive alarm oversight.”
50
Model Alarm Ordinance
Proactive Dispatch Benchmarks: Using ______ from the past, _________ of the present, and enforced ______ along with CAD, computer models, and spatially designed crime models, literally billions of dollars can be saved on patrol while giving our citizens more satisfying service.
directed patrol
intelligence- led policing
dispatch rules
_______________ provides the location and status of the vehicle, such as in pursuit, en route to scene, door open, and so on. It is more inclusive than an_______, which simply provides a vehicle’s location.
Automatic vehicle monitoring ( AVM)
automatic vehicle location ( AVL) system
Automatic Vehicle Locater Based on GPS: Location is provided by four devices: ( 1) a navigation ( hyperbolic) system that uses a radio location technique called _______, a system used by ships at sea; ( 2) a ______ system that uses radio location from three or more fixed sites; ( 3) a signpost/ proximity system that locates a vehicle through the use of fixed electronic signposts located throughout an area; and ( 4) a ________ system that uses computer-assisted instruments to track vehicles on a city map ( e. g., utilizing an advanced geocoding system).
Loran C
trilateration system
signpost/ proximity
dead- reckoning
The first AVM program, a signpost transmitter system, was installed in Monterey, California, in the early 1970s. The global positioning system ( GPS) , based on data from ____ satellites, provides the real-time location of every police vehicle and can be monitored on a digital map by management. With the GPS inside the police vehicle, directions to any location in North America are immediately available. This should shorten ______ and save ______.
12
response time
on gas
The GPS provides a _______ location of a vehicle for use in court cases and for internal affairs investigations. Vehicles can also be monitored over the Web, and a number of private agencies have sprung up to do this for companies that have a fleet of vehicles.
legal data- verified
The AVM systems are not without their critics. One reason… There is greater control and supervision of the ______ . ….if supervisors know the condition of all patrol cars and where the cars are at all times, they also have a pretty good idea of where the patrol officers are and what the status of the patrol officer is. This has great potential for increasing police ________ in terms of service to the public.
patrol force
productivity
The 911 system provides one phone number for calling all police agencies in a geographic area with one central ________. The 911 system has achieved a high degree of acceptance from the police and the public.
dispatch system
Generally, when this system (the 911 system) is not in existence, it is due to interference by _______ rather than technical difficulties, which have been and can be overcome.
local politics
A basic 911 system also provides a number of useful features:
( 1) automatic identification and display of the _______;
( 2) _______ selective routing, which allows routing of the 911 call to the appropriate ________;
( 3) ______ data, which give the police beat, fire alarm area, and ambulance zone of the location of the call;
( 4) _______ routing, which allows routing of calls to the appropriate operator in large law enforcement jurisdictions; and
( 5) automatic _________, which automatically displays the name of the person who owns the phone used for the call.
(1) calling number and address of the caller
(2) jurisdiction ; jurisdiction
(3) supplementary dispatch/ support
(4) internal selective
(5) registered name identification
