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BIOLOGY > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

To transport blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones throughout the body.

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2
Q

True or False: The heart is a muscle that pumps blood through the circulatory system.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The circulatory system is also known as the ______ system.

A

cardiovascular

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4
Q

What are the two main components of the circulatory system?

A

The heart and blood vessels.

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5
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? A) Veins B) Arteries C) Capillaries

A

B) Arteries

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6
Q

What is the largest artery in the human body?

A

The aorta.

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7
Q

True or False: Veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart.

A

False

out of the heart, to the body tissue

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8
Q

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

A

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and ______.

A

platelets

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10
Q

What component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen?

A

Red blood cells.

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11
Q

Multiple choice: Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood (oxygen-poor blood)? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle

A

B) Right atrium

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12
Q

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood and ensure unidirectional flow.

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13
Q

True or False: The pulmonary circulation carries blood between the heart and the lungs.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the average resting heart rate for adults?

A

60 to 100 beats per minute.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ node is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart.

A

sinoatrial

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16
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure.

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17
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of circulation delivers oxygenated blood to the body? A) Pulmonary B) Systemic C) Coronary

A

B) Systemic

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18
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

To defend the body against infection and disease.

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19
Q

True or False: The circulatory system is responsible for regulating body temperature.

A

True

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20
Q

What is the process of blood clotting called?

A

Coagulation.

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21
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

R/L atria and R/L ventricle

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22
Q

True or false: the R/L atria are part of the lower chamber of the heart

A

false

R/L atria = upper
R/L ventricle = lower

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23
Q

which valve pumps blood between the R atrium and the R ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

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24
Q

True or false: the bicuspid valve (mitral valve) manages blood flow b/w the R ventricle and pulmonary valve

A

false

pulmonary valve

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25
which valve pumps blood between the L ventricle and aorta?
aortic valve
26
which valve pumps blood between the L atrium and the L ventricle?
bicuspid valve
27
pulmonary circulation steps
* deoxygenated blood moves from the vena cava to the R atrium * deoxygenated blood travels down to the R ventricle, to the pulmonary valve, and then to the lungs
28
systemic circulation steps?
* oxygenated blood moves from pulmonary veins to L atrium * oxygenated blood moves from the L ventricle, to the aorta, to the body tissue
29
True or false: pulmonary circulation transports blood to the lungs using the L side of the heart
false ## Footnote systemic circulation
30
What is the primary function of blood clotting?
To prevent excessive bleeding and promote wound healing.
31
Which cell type is primarily responsible for initiating the clotting process?
Platelets
32
Multiple Choice: Which factor is essential for the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?
Thrombin
33
True or False: Fibrinolysis is the process that breaks down blood clots.
True
34
what is the purpose of the platelet plug?
to keep the blood in and intruders out
35
what are the 2 coagulation factors?
thrombin and fibrin
36
what is the role of fibrin?
to strengthen the platelet plug
37
True or false: prothrombin breaks down blood clots
false ## Footnote plasmin
38
What is the cardiac cycle?
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs during one heartbeat, encompassing the phases of contraction and relaxation of the heart.
39
What happens during systole?
the heart muscles contract, pumping blood out of the chambers.
40
What happens during diastole?
the heart muscles relax, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
41
During which phase does the heart receive blood from the body and lungs?
Diastole.
42
What is the first heart sound (S1) associated with?
The closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.
43
What is the second heart sound (S2) associated with?
The closing of the semilunar valves.
44
True or False: The cardiac cycle is regulated by electrical impulses.
True.
45
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
The SA node acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating the electrical impulses that trigger the cardiac cycle.
46
What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node?
The AV node delays the electrical signal before it passes to the ventricles, allowing time for the atria to contract.
47
True or False: The cardiac cycle is the same in all individuals regardless of activity level.
False.
48
is the pressure during systole increasing or decreasing?
increasing
49
is the pressure during diastole increasing or decreasing?
decreasing
50
Fill in the blank: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying ______ by ______.
stroke volume; heart rate.
51
What can an abnormal cardiac cycle indicate?
It can indicate underlying heart conditions or diseases, such as arrhythmias or heart failure.
52
True or False: The cardiac cycle can be influenced by autonomic nervous system activity.
True.
53
How many phases are there in the cardiac cycle?
There are 7 phases in the cardiac cycle.
54
True or False: The first phase of the cardiac cycle is called diastole.
False ## Footnote atrial systole
55
What happens during atrial systole?
The atria contracts and pushes blood into the ventricles.
56
True or False: Isovolumetric contraction occurs during diastole.
false ## Footnote ventricular systole
57
What is isovolumetric relaxation?
the ventricles relax, valves are closed, but the volume of blood remains constant.
58
Fill in the blank: The phase of rapid filling occurs after ___.
isovolumetric relaxation
59
During which phase do the atrioventricular valves close?
Isovolumetric contraction
60
What role do the semilunar valves play during ventricular systole?
They open to allow blood to flow into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
61
What is rapid ventricular ejection?
he phase of the cardiac cycle where blood is quickly expelled from the ventricles into the arteries (pulmonary/aorta).
62
True or False: Reduced ventricular ejection refers to a slower than normal rate of blood being pumped from the ventricles.
True
63
Fill in the blank: The phase of ventricular ejection that occurs immediately after isovolumetric contraction is called __________.
rapid ventricular ejection
64
Which condition can lead to reduced ventricular ejection?
Conditions such as heart failure or valve stenosis can lead to reduced ventricular ejection.
65
True or false: in reduced ventricular filling, AV valves open and blood flows rapidly from thr atria to the ventricles
false ## Footnote rapid ventricular filling
66
True or False: in rapid ventricular filling, the rate of filling decreases as ventricles reach their max volume
false ## Footnote reduced ventricular filling
67
what happens when BP decreases?
decreased firing rate, decreased parasympathetic outflow, and increased sympathetic outflow (causes slight increase in BP)
68
What happens when BP increases?
increased firing rate, increased parasympathetic outflow (cause slight decrease in BP), and de creased sympathetic outflow
69
what is the role of carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors?
responds to changes in BP
70
**D**ora **R**eads **F**iction
**D**iastole **R**elaxation **F**illing
71
**S**tacie **C**raves **P**eanuts
**S**ystole **C**ontraction **P**umping
72
**D**avido **P**erfomed **A**t **L**agos
**D**eoxygenated **P**ulmonary **A**rtery **L**ungs
73
**O**bi **A**te **B**eans **T**oday
**O**xygenated **A**orta **B**ody **T**issue

BIOLOGY (17 decks)

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