Transcription

Question 1

What is the process of DNA transcription?

Answer 1

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

Question 2

True or False: Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What enzyme is primarily responsible for RNA synthesis during transcription?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The DNA strand that is used as a template for RNA synthesis is called the _____ strand.

Answer 4

template

Question 5

What are the three main stages of transcription?

Answer 5

Initiation, elongation, and termination.

Question 6

True or False: Transcription can occur simultaneously with translation in prokaryotes.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

Answer 7

It is a DNA sequence that signals the start of transcription.

Question 8

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis? A) mRNA B) rRNA C) tRNA D) dRNA

Answer 8

D) dRNA

Question 9

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 9

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: In eukaryotes, RNA undergoes _____ after transcription before it is translated.

Answer 10

splicing

Question 11

True or False: Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate the transcription process.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 12

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves RNA processing, while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm without processing.

Question 13

What does the term ‘termination’ refer to in transcription?

Answer 13

The process by which RNA polymerase stops transcription and releases the newly synthesized RNA.

Question 14

Multiple choice: Which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing mRNA in eukaryotes? A) RNA polymerase I B) RNA polymerase II C) RNA polymerase III D) All of the above

Answer 14

B) RNA polymerase II

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The region of DNA where transcription begins is called the _____ region.

Answer 15

promoter

Question 16

What are introns?

Answer 16

Non-coding sequences in RNA that are removed during RNA processing.

Question 17

True or False: RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate transcription.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the role of the transcriptional terminator?

Answer 18

It signals the end of transcription.

Question 19

What is pre-mRNA?

Answer 19

The initial RNA transcript that contains both introns and exons before splicing.

Question 20

Multiple choice: Which of the following processes occurs after transcription in eukaryotic cells? A) Translation B) Replication C) Splicing D) All of the above

Answer 20

C) Splicing

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Transcription is regulated by _____ that can enhance or inhibit the binding of RNA polymerase.

Answer 21

transcription factors

Question 22

What is the significance of the 5’ cap and poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

Answer 22

They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in ribosome binding during translation.

Question 23

True or False: The coding sequence of mRNA is called the open reading frame (ORF).

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the first step in DNA transcription?

Answer 24

Initiation

Question 25

True or False: Elongation occurs after the RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription is called __________.

Answer 26

RNA polymerase

Question 27

During which phase does RNA polymerase add nucleotides to the growing RNA strand?

Answer 27

Elongation

Question 28

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the transcription process? A) Initiation B) Termination C) Translation D) Elongation

Answer 28

C) Translation

Question 29

What signals the termination of transcription?

Answer 29

A specific sequence in the DNA that triggers the release of the RNA transcript.

Question 30

True or False: Termination in transcription results in the formation of a mature mRNA molecule ready for translation.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Name one factor that can influence the initiation of transcription.

Answer 31

Transcription factors

Question 32

What happens to the RNA molecule during the termination phase?

Answer 32

It is released from the RNA polymerase and the DNA template.

Question 33

True or False: Prokaryotic transcription requires RNA processing.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Fill in the blank: In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II is responsible for the transcription of ______.

Answer 34

mRNA

Question 35

Which type of RNA polymerase is found in prokaryotes?

Answer 35

A single RNA polymerase

Question 36

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic transcription? A) Involves multiple RNA polymerases B) Transcription and translation occur simultaneously C) Requires intron splicing D) Occurs in the nucleus

Answer 36

B) Transcription and translation occur simultaneously

Question 37

True or False: Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes capping and polyadenylation after transcription.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the function of transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 38

They help recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter and initiate transcription.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: In prokaryotes, the product of transcription is ______.

Answer 39

mRNA