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DNA Replication Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

The process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself.

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2
Q

True or False: DNA replication is semi-conservative.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the main enzymes involved in DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase, helicase, primase, and ligase.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The two strands of DNA are separated by the enzyme ______.

A

helicase

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5
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

A

To synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides.

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6
Q

What are Okazaki fragments?

A

Short sequences of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which strand is synthesized continuously during DNA replication? A) Leading strand B) Lagging strand

A

A) Leading strand

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8
Q

What is the end replication problem?

A

The challenge of replicating the ends of linear chromosomes, leading to potential loss of genetic information.

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9
Q

True or False: Telomeres are repetitive sequences at the ends of chromosomes.

A

True

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10
Q

What is the function of telomeres?

A

To protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The enzyme ______ extends the telomeres in eukaryotic cells.

A

telomerase

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12
Q

What happens to telomeres as cells divide?

A

They shorten with each cell division.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: What is a consequence of telomere shortening? A) Cellular aging B) Increased cell division

A

A) Cellular aging

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14
Q

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

A

To synthesize short RNA primers needed for DNA polymerase to start synthesis.

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15
Q

True or False: Both strands of DNA are synthesized at the same time during replication.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the purpose of DNA ligase?

A

To join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: During DNA replication, the ______ strand is synthesized in the opposite direction to the replication fork.

A

lagging

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18
Q

What is the significance of the replication fork?

A

It is the area where the DNA double helix is unwound and replication occurs.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: What type of bond holds the nucleotides together in a DNA strand? A) Hydrogen bonds B) Phosphodiester bonds

A

B) Phosphodiester bonds

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20
Q

What is the role of single-strand binding proteins?

A

To stabilize the unwound DNA strands during replication.

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21
Q

True or False: DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes.

22
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

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A

Prokaryotic replication occurs in the cytoplasm and is simpler; eukaryotic replication occurs in the nucleus and involves more complex regulation.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: During replication, the leading strand is synthesized ______.

24
Q

What is a replication bubble?

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A

A region where the DNA has been unwound and replication is actively occurring.

25
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading DNA during replication? A) DNA polymerase B) Helicase
A) DNA polymerase
26
What are the consequences of errors during DNA replication?
Mutations
27
True or False: Telomerase is active in most somatic cells.
False
28
What is the structure of a telomere?
A repetitive DNA sequence that forms a protective cap at the end of a chromosome.
29
What is the main function of the replisome?
To coordinate the various enzymes and proteins involved in DNA replication.
30
Multiple Choice: In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? A) G1 B) S phase
B) S phase
31
What is a key feature of eukaryotic DNA replication?
It involves multiple origins of replication along each chromosome.
32
True or False: DNA replication is a bidirectional process.
True
33
What is the end result of DNA replication?
Two identical DNA molecules, each consisting of one original and one newly synthesized strand.
34
What is a common method used to study DNA replication?
DNA sequencing and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
35
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a phase of DNA replication? A) Initiation B) Termination C) Translation
C) Translation
36
What role does the sliding clamp play in DNA replication?
It helps to hold DNA polymerase in place on the DNA strand.
37
**H**e **U**sed **D**rugs **B**efore **P**laying **S**ports **L**ike **G**olf
**H**elicase **U**nzipper **D**NA polymerase **B**uilder **P**rimase **S**tarter **L**igase **G**luer
38
What is the primary function of DNA polymerase I?
removes RNA primers and replacing them with new DNA during DNA replication.
39
True or False: DNA polymerase III is the main enzyme involved in DNA synthesis in prokaryotes.
True
40
Fill in the blank: DNA polymerase I has _______ activity, allowing it to proofread newly synthesized DNA.
exonuclease
41
Which DNA polymerase is primarily responsible for the elongation of the new DNA strand during replication?
DNA polymerase III
42
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA polymerase III? A) Synthesis of new DNA strands B) Proofreading C) Removal of RNA primers D) None of the above
C) Removal of RNA primers
43
What is the primary function of topoisomerase in cellular processes?
To manage DNA supercoiling and relieve torsional strain during DNA replication and transcription.
44
Fill in the blank: Topoisomerases are classified into two main types: Type I and Type ___.
Type II
45
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type II topoisomerases?
They cut both strands of the DNA helix and pass another segment of the DNA through the break before resealing it.
46
What is the primary function of DNA replication proofreading?
To ensure the accuracy of DNA replication by correcting errors.
47
Fill in the blank: The proofreading activity of DNA polymerase occurs during _____ phase of DNA replication.
elongation
48
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the proofreading during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
49
Fill in the blank: DNA replication occurs in the __________ direction.
5' to 3'
50
Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA replication? (A) It is semi-conservative (B) It occurs in a single step (C) It requires RNA primers (D) Both A and C
Both A and C

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