Macromolecules

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

Large, complex molecules essential for life

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of macromolecule? A) Proteins B) Nucleic acids C) Water D) Lipids

Answer 2

C) Water

Question 3

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 3

Amino acids.

Question 4

True or False: Carbohydrates are primarily used for energy storage in living organisms.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of a carbohydrate is a ______.

Answer 5

Monosaccharide

Question 6

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Answer 6

Peptide bond.

Question 7

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 7

DNA and RNA.

Question 8

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 8

False

insoluble

Question 9

What is the primary function of lipids in biological systems?

Answer 9

Energy storage, insulation, and making up cell membranes.

Question 10

What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?

Answer 10

Nucleotides.

Question 11

Which macromolecule is involved in the transmission of genetic information?

Answer 11

Nucleic acids.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The structural polysaccharide found in plants is called ______.

Answer 12

Cellulose

Question 13

What are the four major types of macromolecules?

Answer 13

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 14

True or False: All proteins are made up of the same 40 amino acids.

Answer 14

false

20 amino acids

Question 15

Which macromolecule can form structural components in cells?

Answer 15

Proteins.

Question 16

What is the process called by which macromolecules are formed from monomers?

Answer 16

Polymerization.

Question 17

Which macromolecule is known for its hydrophobic properties?

Answer 17

Lipids.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The sugar component of DNA is ______.

Answer 18

Deoxyribose

Question 19

What is a common example of a carbohydrate?

Answer 19

Glucose.

Question 20

True or False: Saturated fats contain double bonds between carbon atoms.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What type of lipid is used to store energy long-term?

Answer 21

Triglycerides.

Question 22

Which macromolecule is crucial for muscle contraction?

Answer 22

Proteins.

Question 23

What is the main function of RNA?

Answer 23

To translate genetic information into proteins.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Starch is a storage polysaccharide found in ______.

Answer 24

Plants

Question 25

Which macromolecule can be classified into simple and complex forms?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates.

Question 26

True or False: Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for the structure of cell membranes?

Answer 27

Lipids.

Question 28

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of structure?

Answer 28

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 29

Which type of carbohydrates cannot be digested by humans?

Answer 29

Cellulose.

Question 30

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 30

Proteins.

Question 31

True or False: All lipids are fats.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is a common characteristic of all macromolecules?

Answer 32

They are polymers made from smaller subunits (monomers).

Question 33

Fill in the blank: ______ are the main components of the plasma membrane.

Answer 33

Phospholipids

Question 34

Which macromolecule plays a key role in immune responses?

Answer 34

Proteins (antibodies).

Question 35

What is the term for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

Answer 35

Primary structure.

Question 36

True or False: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What type of bond connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain?

Answer 37

Phosphodiester bond.

Question 38

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 38

the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule.

Question 39

True or false glucose is an an example of a disaccharide.

Answer 39

false ## Footnote monosaccharide

Question 40

True or False: Fructose is a monosaccharide.

Answer 40

True.

Question 41

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 41

C6H12O6.

Question 42

What type of sugar is sucrose?

Answer 42

disaccharide.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: Lactose is a disaccharide made up of _____ and glucose.

Answer 43

galactose.

Question 44

Name a common disaccharide found in milk.

Answer 44

Lactose.

Question 45

What are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose?

Answer 45

Glucose and fructose.

Question 46

True or False: Polysaccharides are made up of multiple monosaccharides.

Answer 46

True.

Question 47

True or false: starch example of a monosaccharide

Answer 47

false ## Footnote polysaccharide

Question 48

Fill in the blank: Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of _____ in animals.

Answer 48

energy storage.

Question 49

What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?

Answer 49

Cellulose provides structural support.

Question 50

What are the two types of starch?

Answer 50

Amylose and amylopectin.

Question 51

True or False: Ribose is a monosaccharide.

Answer 51

True.

Question 52

Name a disaccharide commonly found in table sugar.

Answer 52

Sucrose.

Question 53

What is the process called that links monosaccharides to form disaccharides?

Answer 53

Dehydration synthesis.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The main storage polysaccharide in plants is _____ .

Answer 54

starch.

Question 55

What is the linkage type between monosaccharides in polysaccharides?

Answer 55

Glycosidic bonds.

Question 56

True or False: Maltose is a oligosaccharide composed of three glucose units.

Answer 56

false ## Footnote maltose is a disaccharide composed of 2 glucose units

Question 57

What is the primary energy storage molecule in animals?

Answer 57

Glycogen.

Question 58

Name the polysaccharide that is a major component of fungal cell walls.

Answer 58

Chitin.

Question 59

What type of carbohydrate is commonly referred to as 'simple sugars'?

Answer 59

Monosaccharides.

Question 60

Fill in the blank: The enzyme lactase breaks down _____ into glucose and galactose.

Answer 60

lactose.

Question 61

What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Answer 61

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched.

Question 62

True or False: All polysaccharides are digestible by humans.

Answer 62

False.

Question 63

What is the role of dietary fiber, which is primarily made of cellulose?

Answer 63

It aids in digestion.

Question 64

Fill in the blank: The sugar found in RNA is _____ .

Answer 64

ribose.

Question 65

What type of carbohydrate is lactose?

Answer 65

Disaccharide.

Question 66

True or False: Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides used for energy storage.

Answer 66

True.

Question 67

What is a key characteristic of polysaccharides?

Answer 67

They are typically large and complex molecules.