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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three domains into which all living organisms can be classified?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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2
Q

What type of organisms are classified in the Eukarya domain?

A

Eukaryotic organisms

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3
Q

In which domain are prokaryotic organisms classified?

A

Bacteria or Archaea

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4
Q

What characteristics do organisms classified as archaea share with bacteria?

A

Unicellular, circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles or nucleus, asexual reproduction via binary fission

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5
Q

True or False: Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

A

False

bacteria

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6
Q

how do eukaryotic organisms differ from prokaryotic organisms?

A

eukaryotic organisms have membrane-bound organelles and a defined nucleus, while prokaryotic organisms don’t

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7
Q

True or false: eukarya share several characteristics with bacteria.

A

false

archaea

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8
Q

True or False: Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

A

False.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells are generally ______ than eukaryotic cells.

A

smaller.

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10
Q

What is the primary genetic material in prokaryotes?

A

Circular DNA.

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11
Q

What type of reproduction do prokaryotes primarily use?

A

Binary fission.

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12
Q

Which type of organisms are typically classified as eukaryotes?

A

Plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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13
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

A

True.

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14
Q

What structure separates the interior of a cell from its external environment?

A

Cell membrane.

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15
Q

What is the function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Protein synthesis.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain ______, which are specialized structures within the cell.

A

organelles.

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17
Q

What is the main difference in cell division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, while eukaryotes divide by mitosis and meiosis.

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? a) No nucleus b) Complex organelles c) Smaller size

A

b) Complex organelles.

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19
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

A

Provides structural support and protection.

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20
Q

True or False: All eukaryotic cells have a cell wall.

A

False.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the control center of eukaryotic cells.

A

nucleus.

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22
Q

What type of organisms are archaea classified as?

A

Prokaryotes.

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23
Q

What is a common feature of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Both have ribosomes.

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24
Q

Which type of cell has linear DNA?

A

Eukaryotic cells.

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25
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells reproduce sexually through ______.
meiosis.
26
What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Energy production through ATP synthesis.
27
True or False: Prokaryotes can perform photosynthesis.
True.
28
Which type of cell typically has a larger ribosome size?
Eukaryotic cells.
29
What type of prokaryotic cell can survive in extreme environments?
Archaea.
30
Fill in the blank: The ______ theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells.
endosymbiotic.
31
What is the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Digestion and waste removal.
32
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can have plasmids.
True.
33
What is a key characteristic of fungal eukaryotic cells?
Chitin in the cell wall.
34
Fill in the blank: The ______ is responsible for protein modification and sorting in eukaryotic cells.
Golgi apparatus.
35
What type of cell is an example of a unicellular eukaryote?
Aparamecium.
36
True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.
False.
37
What is the term for the outermost layer of some prokaryotic cells?
Capsule.
38
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape in eukaryotes.
cytoskeleton.
39
What is the primary method of genetic exchange in prokaryotes?
Conjugation.
40
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria.
41
True or False: Prokaryotes can be aerobic or anaerobic.
True.
42
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain ______ that are involved in photosynthesis.
chloroplasts.
43
What is the primary role of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
Protein and lipid synthesis.
44
What distinguishes a prokaryote from a eukaryote?
The presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes.
45
Which domain of life do prokaryotes belong to?
Bacteria and Archaea.
46
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotes are classified into four kingdoms: ______, ______, ______, and ______.
Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista.
47
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can have multiple nuclei.
True.
48
What is the role of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
49
Which type of cell is typically more complex in structure?
Eukaryotic cells.
50
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the site of ribosome production in eukaryotic cells.
nucleolus.
51
What is the function of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
Photosynthesis.
52
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can form endospores.
True.
53
What is the defining feature of eukaryotic cell membranes?
They contain sterols like cholesterol.
54
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a jelly-like substance found inside all cells.
cytoplasm.
55
What is a key function of the cell wall in plant cells?
Provides rigidity and structure.
56
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can have cilia and flagella.
True.
57
What type of genetic material do prokaryotes possess?
Plasmids and circular DNA.
58
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells undergo ______ to produce gametes.
meiosis.
59
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Storage of substances.
60
True or False: All prokaryotes are single-celled organisms.
True.
61
What is the primary method of energy production in prokaryotes?
Cellular respiration or fermentation.
62
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities.
63
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True
64
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
ribosome
65
What organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
Golgi apparatus
66
Which organelle is known for lipid synthesis?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
67
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A) Protein synthesis B) Lipid synthesis C) Quality control of proteins D) Transport of proteins
B) Lipid synthesis
68
What is the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
69
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in all eukaryotic cells.
False
70
What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?
cell wall
71
Which organelle is responsible for maintaining the cell's internal environment?
plasma membrane
72
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in the production of ATP.
mitochondria
73
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.
74
Multiple choice: Which organelle contains enzymes for digestion? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
75
What is the function of the peroxisome?
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances and metabolize fatty acids.
76
True or False: The nucleolus is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
True
77
What are centrioles primarily involved in?
Centrioles are involved in cell division and the organization of the mitotic spindle.
78
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of membranes that transports materials within the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum
79
Multiple choice: What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus? A) Energy production B) Protein modification and sorting C) Photosynthesis D) DNA replication
B) Protein modification and sorting
80
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Vacuoles store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.
81
True or False: Eukaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.
False

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