DNA Structure

Question 1

What is the basic structural unit of DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

True or False: DNA is a double helix.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 4

Fill in the blank: In DNA, adenine pairs with ______.

Answer 4

Thymine

Question 5

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?

Answer 6

Thymine

Question 7

True or False: DNA is found only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the backbone of the DNA structure made of?

Answer 8

Sugar and phosphate

Question 9

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 9

To store and transmit genetic information

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The sugar in DNA is ______.

Answer 10

Deoxyribose

Question 11

What is the complementary base pair for cytosine?

Answer 11

Guanine

Question 12

What type of genetic material is DNA considered?

Answer 12

Hereditary material

Question 13

True or False: The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines genetic information.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What are the two main functions of DNA?

Answer 14

Replication and protein synthesis

Question 15

Which part of the nucleotide varies among different nucleotides?

Answer 15

Nitrogenous base

Question 16

What bonds connect the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of the next?

Answer 16

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 17

What is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein?

Answer 17

Gene

Question 18

True or False: DNA can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the significance of the 5’ and 3’ ends of a DNA strand?

Answer 19

They indicate the directionality of the DNA molecule.

Question 20

How many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?

Answer 20

Two hydrogen bonds

Question 21

How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 21

Three hydrogen bonds

Question 22

True or False: The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the term for the complete set of DNA in an organism?

Answer 23

Genome

Question 24

What is Chargaff’s Rule?

Answer 24

Chargaff’s Rule states that in a double-stranded DNA molecule, the amount of adenine (A) equals thymine (T) and the amount of cytosine (C) equals guanine (G).

Question 25

True or False: Chargaff's Rule applies to RNA.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Fill in the blank: According to Chargaff's Rule, A = ____ and C = ____.

Answer 26

T; G

Question 27

What are the four nucleotide bases involved in Chargaff's Rule?

Answer 27

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

Question 28

Which scientist is known for formulating Chargaff's Rule?

Answer 28

Erwin Chargaff

Question 29

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of Chargaff's findings? A) A = T, B) C = G, C) A = C, D) T = G

Answer 29

C) A = C

Question 30

What is the significance of Chargaff's Rule in molecular biology?

Answer 30

It helped establish the base pairing mechanism in DNA structure.

Question 31

True or False: Chargaff's Rule was one of the key pieces of evidence for the double helix structure of DNA.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Short Answer: How does Chargaff's Rule relate to DNA replication?

Answer 32

It ensures that the new DNA strands are complementary, maintaining genetic fidelity.

Question 33

Answer 33

* adenine * purine

Question 34

Answer 34

* guanine * purine

Question 35

Answer 35

* cytosine * pyrimidine

Question 36

Answer 36

* thymine * pyrimidine

Question 37

Answer 37

* uracil * pyrimidine