ckd1

Question 1

what are the normal albumin to creatinine ratios?

Answer 1

less than 30 mg/g

Question 2

what are the microalbuminaria albumin to creatinine ratios

Answer 2

30-300 mg/g

Question 3

what are the albuminaria albumin to creatinine ratios

Answer 3

greater than 300 mg/g

Question 4

a spot urine protein to creatinine ration greater than what indicates proteinuria

Answer 4

greater than 200 mg/g

Question 5

what are the GFR levels fro stage 1 CKD

Answer 5

greater than 90 with evidence of kidney damage

Question 6

what are the GFR levels fro stage 2 CKD

Answer 6

60-89 with evidence of kidney damage

Question 7

what are the GFR levels fro stage 3 CKD

Answer 7

30-59

Question 8

what are the GFR levels fro stage 4 CKD

Answer 8

15-29

Question 9

what are the GFR levels fro stage 5 CKD

Answer 9

less than 15 or dialysis

Question 10

why should Scr alone not assess kidney function

Answer 10

SCr has high variability

Question 11

what equation should be used to stage kidney function in children

Answer 11

Schwartz equation

Question 12

what equation should be used to stage kidney function in adults

Answer 12

MDRD equation

Question 13

what does RRT refer to

Answer 13

dialysis

Question 14

what are two most common initiation factors for CKD

Answer 14

diabetes (most common)

HTN

Question 15

what possibly mediates glomerular capillary HTN?

how?

Answer 15

angiotensin II

vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles

Question 16

wheret does vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles increase pressure?

Answer 16

in glomerular capillaries (glomerular capillary HTN)

Question 17

what are some symptoms of CKD

Answer 17

1. Cold intolerance
2. Cramps and muscle pain
3. SOB
4. Puritus
5. Edema

Question 18

what are some signs of CKD?

Answer 18

1. Acidosis
2. Worsening HTN
3. Anemia
4. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
5. Hyperkalemia

Question 19

what is the goal level to decrease albuminuria to delay CKD progression

Answer 19

decrease albuminuria by 30%-50%

Question 20

what are best agents for reducing albuminuria

Answer 20

ACEI and ARBs

Question 21

why should ACEI’s and ARB’s not be recommended together

Answer 21

increased risk of hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction

Question 22

what is the 2nd line tx for decreasing albuminaria in CKD?

what are these first line for

Answer 22

nondihydropyridine CCBs (diltiazem and verapamil)
CKD in pregnancy

Question 23

at what level should a protein restriction of .8g/kg/day be recommended?

Answer 23

GFR less than 30

Question 24

what is BP goal if pt. has CKD, DM and no microalbuminuria

Answer 24

140/80

Question 25

what is BP goal if pt. has CKD and no microalbuminuria (no DM)

Answer 25

140/90

Question 26

what is BP goal if pt. has CKD, DM and microalbuminuria

Answer 26

130/80 (same as w/out DM)

Question 27

what is BP goal if pt. has CKD and microalbuminuria (no DM)

Answer 27

130/80 (same as w/ DM)

Question 28

what is considered a primary goal and a secondary goal:

control BP and control mircoalbuminaria

Answer 28

primary = control BP
secondary = control microalbuminaria

Question 29

What is 2nd line for BP control in CKD

Answer 29

Add diuretic (to 1st line ACE/ARB)

Question 30

what type of diuretic is best for BP control if GFR is less than 30?

Answer 30

loop diuretics

Question 31

what is the hemoglobin A1C target for glycemic control in CKD?

Answer 31

7%