Cog control 1

Question 1

What do all aphasias impair?

Answer 1

Both spoken and written language.

Question 2

Name two types of aphasia.

Answer 2

Broca’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 3

What is conduction aphasia?

Answer 3

Inability to repeat words despite intact comprehension and fluent speech

Question 4

What is speech apraxia?

Answer 4

Difficulty generating articulatory motor plans

Question 5

What causes pure word deafness?

Answer 5

Damage to superior temporal regions; can’t recognize speech sounds, though hearing is intact

Question 6

What is alexia?

Answer 6

Inability to recognize written words.

Question 7

What region is selective for speech sounds?

Answer 7

Superior temporal sulcus (STS).

Question 8

What does the primary auditory cortex respond to?

Answer 8

All sounds, not speech-specific

Question 9

What is the function of V4?

Answer 9

Responds to any letter string; not sensitive to meaning

Question 10

What is the function of the VWFA (Visual Word Form Area)

Answer 10

Sensitive to semantic content and symbolic word representation

Question 11

What condition results from callosal damage affecting V4/VWFA?

Answer 11

Hemialexia

Question 12

Why is learning to read English harder than Italian?

Answer 12

English has a complex mapping between letters and sounds; Italian’s is simpler

Question 13

How does brain activation differ in English vs. Italian readers

Answer 13

English > Italian: Greater reliance on VWFA (orthography).

Italian > English: Greater reliance on secondary auditory regions (phonology).