Lecture 21 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the three systems in Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory?
Behavioral Activation System (BAS), Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS).
What does the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) respond to?
Conflict between systems, particularly cautious approach vs. avoidance vs. active approach.
Which system is associated with fear and which with anxiety in RST?
FFFS is associated with fear, BIS with anxiety.
What brain structures are involved in anxiety-related circuits?
Basolateral amygdala (BLA), central amygdala (CeA), hippocampus, septum, and hypothalamus.
How does activation of the basolateral amygdala affect behavior?
Induces anxiety-like behavior.
What is the effect of inhibiting the central amygdala?
Decreases anxiety-like behavior.
What are the three types of motivational conflict described by Lewin and Miller?
Approach-approach, approach-avoid, and avoid-avoid conflict.
What does BIS inhibition differ from?
Controlled, top-down inhibition.
What do individual differences in BIS sensitivity predict?
Differences in reactivity to novelty and tendency toward inhibition across lifespan.
How does affect influence attention?
It captures attention, enhances perception of relevant stimuli, and can interfere with irrelevant stimuli.
How does emotion influence early visual processing?
Emotional stimuli enhance perceptual sensitivity and FFA activity, even when task-irrelevant.
What happens to emotion-driven attentional effects in patients with amygdala damage?
They are diminished or abolished.
How does emotional arousal affect memory?
Enhances memory for central details but may impair memory for peripheral details.
What effect does propranolol have on emotional memory encoding?
It blocks arousal and reduces memory enhancement for emotional material.
How do amygdala lesions affect emotional memory?
They impair enhancement of memory for emotional stimuli.
What is the weapon focus effect?
Arousal narrows attention to central details (e.g., a weapon), impairing peripheral detail memory.
What is mood-congruent memory?
People tend to remember information that matches their mood at the time of encoding.
How does affect influence cognitive control and working memory?
Positive affect increases flexibility but can impair stability, causing distractibility.
What is the stability-flexibility tradeoff in working memory?
The balance between maintaining current information and updating with new information.
How do affective associations influence cognition?
They can prioritize targets or distractors and modulate cognitive effort depending on goals.
