Lecture 24 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What two dimensions define emotional experience in the arousal-valence model?
Valence (positive to negative) and arousal (low to high).
How does Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affect reward processing?
MDD patients show reduced positivity bias, weaker neural responses to rewards, and blunted physiological responses to positive stimuli.
What is the Late Positive Potential (LPP) and what does it indicate?
An EEG marker of sustained emotional processing; scales with individual interest or aversion and is modulated by reappraisal.
How does affective chronometry differ in remitted MDD patients?
They show less sustained positive affect after mood induction, with ventral striatal activity dropping sooner.
What do probabilistic learning tasks reveal about MDD patients?
They fail to develop a reward bias, unlike controls, indicating disrupted reward learning.
What does the EefRT task assess and how do MDD patients perform?
It measures effort-based motivation for rewards; MDD patients exert less effort.
How is reward anticipation affected in adolescents with MDD?
They show weaker striatal responses to reward anticipation than healthy controls.
What treatment shows promise for reward deficits in treatment-resistant MDD?
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) targeting the ventral striatum can improve mood and engagement.
How does threat response vary in anxiety disorders?
GAD and OCD show heightened ERNs, and neuroticism is linked to slower amygdala recovery from negative stimuli.
What is a neural trait seen in individuals high in psychopathy?
Weaker amygdala responses to morally aversive or threatening stimuli.
How does cognitive control change with age?
Planning and control improve into adulthood, but real-world dysregulation peaks in adolescence.
How does reward sensitivity develop during adolescence?
It peaks in late adolescence, correlating with increased striatal activation.
What effect does peer presence have on adolescent decision-making?
Peers increase risky behavior, partly by enhancing reward salience.
What paradox is seen in older adults regarding emotion and cognition?
Despite prefrontal decline, older adults show greater positivity bias and less impulsivity.
How does emotional memory differ in older adults?
They attend to and remember more positive than negative images, with stronger amygdala responses to positive stimuli.
What cultural differences exist in ideal emotional states?
Western cultures value high-arousal positive states; East Asian cultures prefer calm, low-arousal positivity.
