Lecture 22 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the emotion-imbued choice (EIC) model?
A model showing that both predicted and current emotions influence decisions; predicted emotions are rational, while current emotions include incidental and integral affect.
How do predicted emotions differ from current emotions in decision-making?
Predicted emotions are anticipated future feelings that inform rational decision-making; current emotions are those felt at the moment and can bias decisions.
What are incidental emotions?
Emotions unrelated to the decision at hand (e.g., mood, weather) that can still influence choice.
What is the affect heuristic?
A mental shortcut where people rely on their emotional response to evaluate options or risks.
How does evaluability influence decision-making?
Attributes that evoke stronger affect or are easier to evaluate are weighted more heavily in decisions.
What is the identifiable victim effect?
People are more willing to help specific, identifiable individuals than statistical groups.
What brain activity is linked to the identifiable victim effect?
Greater activity in the ventral striatum when viewing a photo of an identified individual.
What does Zajonc’s quote suggest about preference and reasoning?
We often choose based on emotion first, then rationalize those choices afterward.
What did Haidt’s incest vignette reveal about moral reasoning?
People often react emotionally first, then struggle to generate justifications, illustrating reasoning as post hoc.
What is the dual-process theory of decision-making?
A model where emotional (limbic) systems drive automatic decisions, while cognitive systems support rational control.
How does stress affect decision-making circuits?
Stress impairs DLPFC and OFC/vmPFC, and increases amygdala activation, promoting habitual responses.
Which brain regions compute subjective value?
vmPFC, OFC, and ventral striatum; insula contributes during high arousal situations.
What is emotion regulation?
Modifying emotional reactions to align with goals using strategies like reappraisal, distraction, or situation change.
What are the five main emotion regulation strategies?
Situation selection, situation modification, attention deployment, cognitive change (reappraisal), response modulation.
What is response modulation?
A late-stage strategy that masks or suppresses emotional responses after they have begun.
What brain activity is associated with successful emotion regulation?
Increased frontoparietal (e.g., lateral PFC) activity and decreased amygdala activity.
What factors lead to emotion regulation failure?
Strong impulses, weak cognitive resources, distraction, stress, alcohol, or PFC dysfunction.
How does individual ability in emotion regulation vary?
Linked to early traits like delay of gratification and associated with later lateral PFC function.
What are non-cognitive approaches to emotion regulation?
Pharmacology, mindfulness, precommitment, habit learning, and expectation management.
How do expectations shape affective experience?
Expectations modulate brain activity, as seen in placebo effects or valuation shifts (e.g., expensive wine tasted better).
