Colorectal cancer

Question 1

main type of colorectal cancer

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma

Question 2

where is colorectal cancer normally found

Answer 2

2/3 colon, 1/3 rectum

Question 3

what percent of colorectal cancer are sporadic

Answer 3

85%

Question 4

what percent of cancer are familary

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

what percent ofcaner is inheritable

Answer 5

5

Question 6

wher to colorepati polyps origin form

Answer 6

epithelual or mesenchymal

Question 7

risk factors for colorectal cancer

Answer 7

age, male gender, previous adenoma, enviromental influces, die,(high alcho, low fibre and fruit and veg, low calcium) , obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, diabetes mellitus

Question 8

main hisotoloyg types of colorecal poplys

Answer 8

tubular, villous, indermeinate tubulovillous

Question 9

what is the differnt ypes of mopthay of cnacer

Answer 9

pendunculated (gorw from stem)
sessile - attached to a wide base

Question 10

stages of adeno carniioma growth

Answer 10

noramal epitsm,to small adenoma to large adenoma to invasie adenocari to metatses

Question 11

what mucation cause a small adeno caroin to change to a large ademas

Answer 11

k ras muation

Question 12

what matuion cuase a large adenoato change to an invase admocar

Answer 12

p53

Question 13

activation of okogene exampels

Answer 13

k ras and c myc

Question 14

loss of tumor supprpesion gene exapes

Answer 14

apc, p53, dcc

Question 15

defective dna repair patheawy exaples

Answer 15

microsatelatie instabilty

Question 16

what is the typlica symptosn of colorecla cancer

Answer 16

recatla beleed
altern bole
bowl pain form obsution
weight loss and anorexia

Question 17

signs of colorectal cancer

Answer 17

iorn deficicy anemia
palpable rectal or right lower abdominal mass

Question 18

what is benficit of colopsy for diagnosi

Answer 18

colonospcy
allows bipogy and can remove pollpys

Question 19

down side of colonospcy

Answer 19

need laxative
sedatino
risk of bleeding

Question 20

who cannot tolate laxatives in colorecla caner

Answer 20

those who ahve renal or cardiac disease

Question 21

what radiolgo8h scan can be done for colorectal cancer

Answer 21

barium enema, ct colongoratphy, ct abdo/ pelivs

Question 22

is berium eneuma accureate

Answer 22

no

Question 23

downsdie of ct abdo/ pepliv

Answer 23

not likley to pick up anything

Question 24

how to stage colorecal caner

Answer 24

ct scahn, mir, pet scan and renal endocpai ultaound

Question 25

duke a, b, c and d

Answer 25

a - confied to subcumos b - invasie though muscarl without lymph involment c - invasion though mcuclar with lymph in volvent (c1) - less than 4 nodes c2 - roe than 4 nodse D - present of distan emtatiosn

Question 26

tumor stage t1 - t4

Answer 26

t1 - confied to submucoas t2 - confjied to muscalria t3 - confied to serosa t4 - breached seros , invaide ovehr stuces

Question 27

nodes n0,n1, n2

Answer 27

N0 - no nodes n1 - up to 3 regiona nodes n3 - more than 4 regioan nodes

Question 28

m0 and m1

Answer 28

m0 no menatios m1 disatn mestaions

Question 29

teatment of duke a paitens

Answer 29

endocpaic or loac restion of poplys

Question 30

who sould have adjuvar chmooather

Answer 30

duke sc and b

Question 31

what is hte patliative treatmfne for pallite paiteins

Answer 31

colonic stening, chemoathery,

Question 32

ajvarent

Answer 32

alongside main treatment

Question 33

what is the neoadjvulart etreatmnt for cancer

Answer 33

radial tharpy fo rrecat cancer only

Question 34

screeening test for cooorecal caner

Answer 34

faecal occult blood test faecal immunochemica tsets colonsopy ct colopsy flexible signoidocspy

Question 35

feacualr immunothcemial tesing progaio look for what

Answer 35

human haemoglon

Question 36

who is elig for fit screing progaio

Answer 36

anyone over 54 -70

Question 37

what is fap

Answer 37

familayr adneomatose paolyposi

Question 38

what is map

Answer 38

mutyh assoiced polypois

Question 39

wha tis hnpcc

Answer 39

herediay non poplypnoi colocreal cancer

Question 40

what condions are assoiced with colorecl cnear

Answer 40

ibd, family reisk

Question 41

is fap autosomadl dominal or recesive

Answer 41

dominant

Question 42

main caraceriset of fap

Answer 42

mulitple adnomas though the colon

Question 43

screening for fap

Answer 43

anal colospy form 10 years old

Question 44

treatmen for fap

Answer 44

prohpaly procoolecomy betwen 16 -25

Question 45

what are the extracolonic manifestatiosn

Answer 45

benign gastic fundic cystic hyperplasia duodenal adnoemas in 90% with periampullary cancer

Question 46

medical treatmf or fap

Answer 46

nsaids chemoprevionts using sulindac

Question 47

is map autosomal regsisive or domiant

Answer 47

dominat

Question 48

cuas eof map

Answer 48

varitnes in mutyph base gnee

Question 49

wher is map norally ofund

Answer 49

rihgt sided

Question 50

when to start survane for polpys in map

Answer 50

18 - 20 years old

Question 51

is hnpcc recessive or dominat

Answer 51

dominat

Question 52

cuase of hnpcc

Answer 52

lynch sydnroem = certain genes whihc cause a range of cancers incluing; mutiaon in dna mismatic repair genes e.g mlh1 and msh2 thus hae micosstale instability

Question 53

what side is hnpcc assoiced with

Answer 53

right side

Question 54

screeing for hnpcc freaqyc

Answer 54

form 25 every 2 years

Question 55

creiats for hnpcc diagnosi

Answer 55

amsterdam and bethesda genetic testing

Question 56

ago of onsent of cancer in hnpcc

Answer 56

40s

Question 57

who should be screen for colopsy

Answer 57

fmaily risk goup s, ie. tehso whihc relatives and they agethat they develed the cancer ibd - every 1-5 years 10 years after diagbes previous crc - 5 year colonspcy - 1 year after and every 3 years previous admonas - dependent on no. of po;olys

Question 59

main test to deterin wheter a colonopcy is required

Answer 59

fit test