h pylori and gastric disease

Question 1

what is dyspepsia

Answer 1

generalised indigesion and upset stomach including pai
just genalised symptoms

Question 2

symptons of dyspepsisa

Answer 2

epidgstic pain, burning, fullnes, bloating, satiety, nausea, sickness, heartburn, reflux, disconfort

Question 3

causes of upper gi dyspepsia

Answer 3

Gord, peptic ulcer, gastritis, non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastric cancer

Question 4

what are the symptoms of lower gi dyspepsia

Answer 4

gall stones
drugs
cardiac-related
psychological
coeliac disease
IBS
pancreatic diseases
colon cancer

Question 5

What are important parts of a drug history for a presenting complaint of dyspepsia

Answer 5

NSAIDs, steroids, bisphosphonates, ca antagonists, nitrates, theophyllines,

Question 6

what to ask about lifestyle for dyspepsia

Answer 6

alcohol, diet, smoking, exercise, weight reduction

Question 7

What blood can be useful for dyspepsia

Answer 7

fbc, ferritin, lft, u and e, calckum, glucose, coelica serolgy, serum iga

Question 8

what are the alarms pneumonic

Answer 8

a - anorexia
l - loss of weight
a - anaemia
r - recent onset in over 55 or persistent despite treatment
m - melaena (dark stools) haematemesis, or mass
s - swallowing problems

Question 9

what are the risks of endoscopy

Answer 9

1; 2000 risk for perforation, bleeding or reaction to drgus

Question 10

why do NSAIDs cause damage to the stomach

Answer 10

they reduce prostaglandins, thus meaning histamine will work too effectively producing too much stomach acid

Question 11

what percent of the world’s population is infected with h pylori

Answer 11

50%

Question 12

what type of mucosa can h pylori infect and colonise

Answer 12

gastric mucosa only , no where else

Question 13

can h pylori penetrate the epithelial layer

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what factors determine the reaction to h pylori

Answer 14

the individual genetics, colanasitiaon size and site, strain of bacteria, environmental factors such as smoking

Question 15

what chemical does h pylori release

Answer 15

urease

Question 16

What is the function of urease

Answer 16

produce ammonia reducing the ph of stomach acid helping the bacteria to survive and to colonise

Question 17

what is chemotaxis

Answer 17

Bacteria move to an area of favorability for survival

Question 18

what is the role of flagella on bacteria

Answer 18

help the bacteria move

Question 19

what is the role of adhesin toxins on bacteria

Answer 19

adhere bacteria to the stomach

Question 20

what happens when h pylori release toxins once adhered

Answer 20

it causes inflation and cytokine reaction in the area

Question 21

what are the main outcomes of h pylori infection

Answer 21

gastritis
chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia
gastric or duodenal ulcer
gastric cancer, malt lymphoma (<1%)

Question 22

does h pylori inection in the antral cause an increase or decrease in stomach acid

Answer 22

increase in stomach acid

Question 23

what are the main side effect of h pylori infection in the antrum

Answer 23

duodenal disease

Question 24

does h pylori inection int eh corpus increases or decrease stomach acid

Answer 24

decrease stoamch acid

Question 25

what is the main effect of h pylori infection int eh corpus of the stomach

Answer 25

gastric cancer

Question 26

ways to test for h pylori inefection which are non invasive

Answer 26

serology - iga agiains h pylori urea braht teas stool antigesn test - for pppi for 2 weeks

Question 27

what are the invasive test for h pylori

Answer 27

endostocpys - histology f gasti cbipo;ys cultre of gastic biopsy rapid slide urease tests obtained through endoscopy

Question 28

how does urease rapid slide work

Answer 28

colour change of ph indicator due to bacteria produces amonia

Question 29

what type of carbon is deteced in urea breath test

Answer 29

13 or 14 c labbeled co2

Question 30

3 types of gastritis

Answer 30

autoimmune bacterial chemical

Question 31

who do peptic ucler mianly effect

Answer 31

men and the elderly

Question 32

are peptice ulcers increasing or decresing

Answer 32

decreasing

Question 33

what other conditions than h pyloric can cause peptic ulcers

Answer 33

zollinger ellison syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, chron's disease

Question 34

why does smoking cuase peptic uclers

Answer 34

nicotine damages prostaglain production

Question 35

main symptons of peptic ulcer

Answer 35

epigastic pain nocturanl / huger pain back pain (perneation of a posteiral du) nausea and occasional vommintion wiehgt loss and anorexia epgastic tenderness if bleeding - haematemteis, melaena, or anameia

Question 36

treatment for peptic ulcer triple therapy

Answer 36

clarithromyic i - 500mg amyoxicillin 1 g omeprazole 20mg

Question 37

what is treatment for penicilin allergy with peptic ulcer

Answer 37

clarithromyicin - 500mg tetracycline omepraxol 20mg

Question 38

main complications for ulcer

Answer 38

bleeding, acute and chonic leading to haematessi, melaena, ior defection perforation fibrotic sticture gastic outlet obstion

Question 39

symptoms of gastric outlet obstuction

Answer 39

vommiting abdomial distension, weight loss, gastric splah

Question 40

what type of ions are lost in commit in gastic outlet obstuction

Answer 40

h+ and cl-

Question 41

what happens to ph in gastic outlet obstion

Answer 41

metabolic alkalosis

Question 42

what is seeen in blood of gastric outlet obstruciton

Answer 42

low cl, low na, low k , renal impairment

Question 43

what is the treatment for outlet obsiton

Answer 43

endoscopic ballow dialatio or surgery

Question 44

what is the main type of cancer in gastic cancer

Answer 44

adenocarcionam of the epitheal cells

Question 45

what are non common type of gastic cancers

Answer 45

malt - mucoasase associed lympathic tissue gastial intesail stoma tumours

Question 46

symptoms of gastic cancer

Answer 46

dyspepsia, nausea, vomminting , weight loss, gi bleed, iron deficey anemai, gastic outlet obstuction

Question 47

what perecnet of gastic cancer are familar

Answer 47

15%

Question 48

what are hertibaleg gens tha cause gastic cacer

Answer 48

cdh -1 gene (e cadherin)

Question 49

What staging is done for gastric cancer

Answer 49

endoscopy and biopsy ct achest and Abdo, lymph nodes

Question 50

treatment for gastric cancer

Answer 50

surgery and chemotherapy