hepatobillary pathology

Question 1

fucntions of hte liver

Answer 1

protein syntheis,
metabolism of fat and carbs
detoxification of alcohol and toxin and drugs

Question 2

what is hepatitis

Answer 2

inflation of the liver

Question 3

what are cuaes of hepatiis

Answer 3

viruses, alchol, drugs

Question 4

what are the types of food and water hepatitises

Answer 4

a, e

Question 5

what are hte sexula hepatpites

Answer 5

b, c

Question 6

in what type of hep can the outcome be resolution of inflation to normal state

Answer 6

a, e

Question 7

in what type of hepatitis cna lead to liver failure

Answer 7

a, b, e

Question 8

in what type of hepatis can lead to progressive chonic hepatites and cirroshos

Answer 8

b, c

Question 9

what is the changes in the lver as a result of alcholoic liver disease

Answer 9

acute inflatiomation, liver cell death, liver failure,
liver becomes much more fatty

Question 10

cause of jondice

Answer 10

increase in bilrubin

Question 11

what are the pathwarys whih ccan lead to bilirubin metabolism

Answer 11

prehepatic
hepatic
post hepatic

Question 12

prehepabitc bilicrumb metabolism

Answer 12

breakdown of haemogloin in splen for form haem and globin
haem concreged to bilurin
biliruin realsed into circuation

Question 13

what are hte hepatic metabolisjm of bilirubin

Answer 13

uptake of bilirubin by hepatocytes
conjugtated bilirubin into billary system
excretion of conjugated bilirubin into biliary system

Question 14

pathway of bilirubin metabolism post hepatic

Answer 14

transprot of conjugated bilirubin in billary system
breakdown of bilirubin conjugate in intesitnes
reabsopnton of biliruin though enterhepatic circution

Question 15

preheabtic jaueince

Answer 15

increawse relase of heamoglonin from red blood cells (haemolysis)

Question 16

hepatic cuase of jaundice

Answer 16

cholestasis,
intrahepatic bile duct obstucton

Question 17

cholestasis

Answer 17

accumulaton of bile within hepatocytes or bile canaliculi

Question 18

causes of cholestais

Answer 18

viral hepatiis
alchol hepatis
liver failure
drugs

Question 19

what is the differnece betwen predicatibs and unpredicel drug induced symptsons

Answer 19

unpredictable - any dose can cause an adverse reaction
predictable - more likely to happen in higher doesse

Question 20

what is intrahepatic bile duct obstrucrtion cuases

Answer 20

tumours of the liver
priamry sclerosing cholangistis
primar biliary cholangitis

Question 21

what are example of tumours of the liver

Answer 21

hepatocellurla carcinoma
turmours within intrahepatic bile ducts
metatisc tumours

Question 22

what is primary biliary cholangitis

Answer 22

an organ spefic granulomatus inflatoin involving the bile ducts
it is autoimmune
cuase loss of intrahepatic bile ducts and causes cirrhosis

Question 23

what is the sign of primary biliary cholangits

Answer 23

raised alkaline phosphatase

Question 24

who is mainly effected by primianry bilary cholangitis

Answer 24

feimales

Question 25

what type of cell is effected by primary bilary choldites

Answer 25

mitochonial antibodies

Question 26

how is mianly effected by sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 26

young men with ibf

Question 27

what is damaged as a result of primary sclerosing cholagits

Answer 27

chromic inflation and firbous obliter of bile ducts loss of intra hepatic bile ducts

Question 28

disting feature betwene sclerosing and bilary

Answer 28

no grnamuos tissue in sclerosing i

Question 29

what happen sin long tern primary sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 29

prgoressive to cirrhosis incresing the risk of development of cholangiocarnioa

Question 30

what are the causes of cirrhosis

Answer 30

alchol hep b, c immune mediated liver diease, auto immune hepatis preimary birlary cholangits metabolic disorers excess iorn - primary haemochomatoes excess coppers - wilsons disae obeisions - diabtes melluitsi

Question 31

complicaitons of cirrhosis

Answer 31

altered liver function abnomral blood flow - protal hyperteion incraed risk of hepatocleluar coarcinoma

Question 32

what cell is infected in heptocellluar carncinma

Answer 32

hepatocytes

Question 33

what cell in infceted in cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 33

bile epithelium

Question 34

what are post hepatic causes of jaundice

Answer 34

choleithiasis (bile stones) diseases of gall bladder extrahepatic duct obstruction

Question 35

what are risk factos for gallstones

Answer 35

diabtes obesity

Question 36

what si acute cholcystissi

Answer 36

inflatom of the gall bladder

Question 37

effect of acute cholecytsi

Answer 37

empyema - bilariay peritoneis (bile in the abdomial cavity perforation fo the gall balder

Question 38

what is chronic cholesy

Answer 38

fibross of the gall bladder

Question 39

what are the causes of common bile duct obstruction

Answer 39

gall stoens bile duct tumous benign stricture exterial compes ie tumours of other orans

Question 40

effect of bile ductio obstion

Answer 40

jaundice no bile exfeitn into duceum, leading to steokarea infceiton of bile proximal to obsrtionction sectionary bilary cirrhosis