Iorn and Upper GI Tract Structure and Function

Question 1

what percent of iorn is absobed acroso the intestine into the blood

Answer 1

10%

Question 2

what transporter transfers iorn into duodena enterocytes

Answer 2

dmt1

Question 3

what do iorn iorns join onto to be stoed in the intracelluar

Answer 3

ferritin

Question 4

what does iorn in blood bind to

Answer 4

transferrin

Question 5

what is hyperaneia

Answer 5

increase bloow flow in body due to a response

Question 6

what is the effect of hyperaemia

Answer 6

increase ferritin levels, and more iorn bon dot enteroycets

Question 7

what is the response of iron to anmes

Answer 7

fretin levels will deceraes so more iorn is realsec into the blood

Question 8

is heme iorn easier to absobr than non heme iorn

Answer 8

yes, it is more absobable form mateiros such as fish than firbers and milk

Question 9

what is used to absob heme

Answer 9

hemae oxygenase

Question 10

what valenc muse an ion be to be absorbed by dmt1

Answer 10

2+

Question 11

what ion comple with fe to be absorbed by dmt1

Answer 11

any ion with a vavlency of 2+

Question 12

what is the fucntion of dcytp

Answer 12

to covnerd fe3+ ionto fe2+

Question 13

what happens to ion after it is based into the cell

Answer 13

it is used as ferritin, in the mitociea or leaves the cell to be tranferitin

Question 14

how does iorn leave the cell

Answer 14

fpn

Question 15

what is th danger of tannins

Answer 15

surround the iorn and stops it getting absorbed - 3 tannins need for 1 iorn

Question 16

what transporer is used to take iorn out of the cell

Answer 16

ferroportin

Question 17

what chemcial cuae ferropotin to work

Answer 17

hepcidin

Question 18

what cehmcial turns fe2+ into fe3+ outside the cell

Answer 18

a chemcial ocnvertier

Question 19

what does fe3+ turn into when it leaves the clel

Answer 19

transferrin

Question 20

what subst3nce cen decreaes iorn absobe

Answer 20

millk - figits with celcilum
tea / coffe contains chlorogenic acid

Question 21

what substane increase iorn absorption

Answer 21

citries fruits due to vit c as it turn fe3+ to fe2+ making it more soluble

Question 22

what is the benfitis of chewing

Answer 22

prolongs the taste experise and defends agains respiratory failure

Question 23

what nereves are used in chewsing voluntarly

Answer 23

somatic - skeletla musles of moth and faw

Question 24

what reflex is used for jeiwng

Answer 24

mechain recptors, contraciot of jaw mulse to pressure of food against gums, to hard palate and tongue movent

Question 25

what are teh 3 sulivardy glands in mouth

Answer 25

submandibluar(belwo tough), sublingual and parotid ( in cheek _

Question 26

what conects glands to mouth

Answer 26

ducts

Question 27

what is saliva mainly made out of

Answer 27

water 99%

Question 28

what is the fucnito fo water in slyvia

Answer 28

softens fluid, modies it, dilues partices acts as a solvent,

Question 29

what other cehmcial than water are in the mouth

Answer 29

mucins, a amylase, electrolyes, lysozyme

Question 30

what is the fuction of mucins in the mough

Answer 30

very luberacnt fuction

Question 31

what is muscins made out of andl what do they combine with

Answer 31

glycoproein and combine with water to make mucus

Question 32

what do a a amylases do

Answer 32

catalyse brekdow of polyscarrides (starch and glycogein) into disaccaies and glucose

Question 33

what do electlyes do

Answer 33

balance tonicty and ph

Question 34

what do lysomyes do

Answer 34

bacteriodcies which ciills plysccadie compoden to bacteira cell wall

Question 35

what is the effect of parasysmathe innervstio of sylaive

Answer 35

more waterly

Question 36

what is teh effect of sympatheic innnervatio on salavia

Answer 36

high mucous conetne - high amylase content increase in vicious saliva

Question 37

what is the type of adrenoceptos that work on mucous

Answer 37

a1

Question 38

what is the type of adrenorecpos that work on amylase

Answer 38

b2

Question 39

what is the oesophagus lenght

Answer 39

25cm

Question 40

whath are the 4 layers of the osephagus

Answer 40

mucosa, submucos, muscularies externa and adventis

Question 41

what is the type of epiteuh of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 41

non keritensed stratifed squamous

Question 42

what type of musle is the musclaries external in the osephaugs

Answer 42

upper 1/3 skeleal, lower 2/3 smooth muscle

Question 43

what is the furst phase of swallowing

Answer 43

oral - pusing teh tough back using food back with it

Question 44

what isthe pharynget phase of swallowing

Answer 44

soft pallowe frelfeces bakc and up closing up naosphays, f phalyce musl contrances

Question 45

what happens as te bolus approaces the ospha

Answer 45

upper oesphga spinkeer relakes and epiglous cover the opening to the larnyx

Question 46

what happens after hte food enerter teh ospe

Answer 46

upper oesphag spinker colses to prevent reflux and is pulled to the stock

Question 47

what happens af tehr bulbus gets near to teh stomac

Answer 47

lower osephala sphincter opens

Question 48

how much can the stomahc volume change

Answer 48

from 50ml to 1500 ml

Question 49

what is hte fucntin of the stomach

Answer 49

tepoertary storage o fingested memations disslvoe food partis deljier content to small ntesin sterlie ingested materil produce intridic factos

Question 50

what are teh 3 mulse larges inn teh exteral muscularies in the stomach from external to internal

Answer 50

longitudical musle layer cicular musle layer and oblige musle laeyr

Question 51

what is ht fuciton othe teh oblice musle layer

Answer 51

extra stench

Question 52

what ishte fucnito fo rugae

Answer 52

it si like curtian, so can change volume but will keep the pressure the same

Question 53

what isthe mise dalvous sulvia galnds

Answer 53

cominnes mucous alverl and sevous alver ocells