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Flashcards in Comm & Cooperation Deck (14)
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1
Q

communication

A

(ecology) any process in which a signal from one individual modifies behavior of another individual
(ie) honeybee dance

2
Q

signal

A

(behavioral ecology) any info containing behavior or characteristic

3
Q

altruism

A

any behavior w/ fitness cost to giver & fitness benefit to recipient

  • self-sacrifice
  • paradoxical: natural selection favors selfishness
  • may be voluntary or not

(ie) prairie dog calling

4
Q

coefficient of relatedness (r)

A

measure of how closely two individuals are related

- calculated as probability that an allele in two individuals = inherited from same ancestor

5
Q

Hamilton’s rule

A

altruism favored by NS if fitness benefit x fitness cost > coefficient of relatedness

Br > C

6
Q

fitness benefit to recipient

A

B in Hamilton’s rule

7
Q

fitness cost to actor

A

C in Hamilton’s rule

8
Q

inclusive fitness

A

1) direct production of offspring & fitness
2) extra production of offspring by relatives in response to help provided individual in question

indirect fitness + direct fitness = inclusive fitness

  • indirect = altruism
  • direct = parental care
9
Q

kin selection

A

NS that acts through benefits to relatives via altruism

< direct fitness + > indirect fitness = > inclusive fitness

10
Q

eusociality

A

workers sacrifice most or all of direct reproduction to help rear queen’s offspring

  • complex social structure
  • common in insects (ants, bees, wasps, termites)
11
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

fitness benefits exchanged btwn a pair of individuals @ diff. times
- help individual who helped them b4

12
Q

deceitful communication

A

misleading signal to another individual
- could be same or diff. species

(ie) diff = hognose snake pretend to die
(ie) diff = opossum pretend to die
(ie) same = bluefill sunfish - female mimics dispense sperm in otro male territory & run away

13
Q

when is altruism more likely to occur

A

(1) high fitness benefits for recipient
(2) altruist + recipient = close relatives
(3) low fitness cost to altruist

14
Q

benefits of assisting others

A

(1) hunting in pacts = more likely to kill prey

(2) less harassment if in cliques