Flashcards in Comm & Cooperation Deck (14)
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1
communication
(ecology) any process in which a signal from one individual modifies behavior of another individual
(ie) honeybee dance
2
signal
(behavioral ecology) any info containing behavior or characteristic
3
altruism
any behavior w/ fitness cost to giver & fitness benefit to recipient
- self-sacrifice
- paradoxical: natural selection favors selfishness
- may be voluntary or not
(ie) prairie dog calling
4
coefficient of relatedness (r)
measure of how closely two individuals are related
- calculated as probability that an allele in two individuals = inherited from same ancestor
5
Hamilton's rule
altruism favored by NS if fitness benefit x fitness cost > coefficient of relatedness
Br > C
6
fitness benefit to recipient
B in Hamilton's rule
7
fitness cost to actor
C in Hamilton's rule
8
inclusive fitness
1) direct production of offspring & fitness
2) extra production of offspring by relatives in response to help provided individual in question
indirect fitness + direct fitness = inclusive fitness
- indirect = altruism
- direct = parental care
9
kin selection
NS that acts through benefits to relatives via altruism
< direct fitness + > indirect fitness = > inclusive fitness
10
eusociality
workers sacrifice most or all of direct reproduction to help rear queen's offspring
- complex social structure
- common in insects (ants, bees, wasps, termites)
11
reciprocal altruism
fitness benefits exchanged btwn a pair of individuals @ diff. times
- help individual who helped them b4
12
deceitful communication
misleading signal to another individual
- could be same or diff. species
(ie) diff = hognose snake pretend to die
(ie) diff = opossum pretend to die
(ie) same = bluefill sunfish - female mimics dispense sperm in otro male territory & run away
13
when is altruism more likely to occur
(1) high fitness benefits for recipient
(2) altruist + recipient = close relatives
(3) low fitness cost to altruist
14
