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Flashcards in Life History Strategies Deck (31)
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1
Q

population ecology

A

study of how & why number of individuals in a population changes over time & space

2
Q

population density

A

number of individuals of a population per unit area

3
Q

metapopulation

A

population made up of many small, physically isolated populations connected by migration
- forced to move

(ie) Native American migration throughout history
(ie) animal habitats in the city - houses to forest ratio

4
Q

immigration

A

migration INTO a particular population from other population
- increase population

IMI

5
Q

emigration

A

migration AWAY from one population to another
- decreases population

EMA

6
Q

demography

A

study of factors that determine size & structure of populations through time

7
Q

age structure

A

proportion of individuals in a population that are of each possible age

8
Q

generation

A

avg. time btwn mother’s 1st offspring & her daughter’s 1st offspring

9
Q

life table

A

(data set) summarize probability when an individual in a certain population will survive & reproduce in any given year over the cause of its lifetime

10
Q

age class

A

all individuals of a specific age in a population

11
Q

cohort

A

group of individuals that are the same age & can be followed through time

12
Q

survivorship

A

avg. proportion of offspring that survive to a particular age
- can be calculated

13
Q

survivorship curve

A

graph depicting percentage of a population that survives to diff. ages

14
Q

fecundity

A

avg # of female offspring produced by each female over course of her lifetime

15
Q

age-specific fecundity

A

avg # of female offspring produced by a female in a certain age class

16
Q

net reproductive rate (Ro)

A

growth rate of a population/generation

- equivalent to avg # female offspring each female produces over her lifetime

17
Q

fitness trade-off

A

(evolutionary biology) inescapable compromise btwn 2 traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously

(ie) either spend energy reproducing or else surviving

18
Q

life history

A

sequence of events in an individual’s life from birth to reproduction to death

  • how individual allocates resources to growth, reproduction & activities or structures related to survival
  • shaped by NS
19
Q

arrangement patterns (AP)

A

(1) random
(2) clumped
(3) uniform

20
Q

random (AP)

A

position is independent of others

(ie) seed dispersion

21
Q

clumped (AP)

A

habitat quality = patchy or cliques

(ie) fish school

22
Q

uniform (AP)

A

negative interactions occur among individuals

(ie) competition for space, H2O, resources

23
Q

central processes of demography

A

(1) birth
(2) death
(3) emigration
(4) immigration

24
Q

why are females the main focus of studying generations?

A

number of males rarely affect population growth

25
Q

which age class is most important to save in conservation ecology?

A

The age-class producing the most babies

26
Q

types of survivorship

A

(1) Type I
(2) Type II
(3) Type III

27
Q

Type I survivorship

A

high survivorship throughout life
- most approach species max. life span

(ie) humans

28
Q

Type II survivorship

A

same probability of dying each year of life

(ie) blackbirds & songbirds

29
Q

Type III survivorship

A

extremely high death rates, but high survival rates later in life

(ie) plant seedlings

30
Q

reason fitness trade-off occurs

A

individual has restricted amount of time energy @ dispersal
- limited resources

(ie) balance reproducing w/ staying healthy & alive

31
Q

aspects of life history

A

(1) survivorship
(2) age-specific fecundity
(3) age @ first reproduction
(4) growth rate