Flashcards in Life History Strategies Deck (31)
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1
population ecology
study of how & why number of individuals in a population changes over time & space
2
population density
number of individuals of a population per unit area
3
metapopulation
population made up of many small, physically isolated populations connected by migration
- forced to move
(ie) Native American migration throughout history
(ie) animal habitats in the city - houses to forest ratio
4
immigration
migration INTO a particular population from other population
- increase population
IMI
5
emigration
migration AWAY from one population to another
- decreases population
EMA
6
demography
study of factors that determine size & structure of populations through time
7
age structure
proportion of individuals in a population that are of each possible age
8
generation
avg. time btwn mother's 1st offspring & her daughter's 1st offspring
9
life table
(data set) summarize probability when an individual in a certain population will survive & reproduce in any given year over the cause of its lifetime
10
age class
all individuals of a specific age in a population
11
cohort
group of individuals that are the same age & can be followed through time
12
survivorship
avg. proportion of offspring that survive to a particular age
- can be calculated
13
survivorship curve
graph depicting percentage of a population that survives to diff. ages
14
fecundity
avg # of female offspring produced by each female over course of her lifetime
15
age-specific fecundity
avg # of female offspring produced by a female in a certain age class
16
net reproductive rate (Ro)
growth rate of a population/generation
- equivalent to avg # female offspring each female produces over her lifetime
17
fitness trade-off
(evolutionary biology) inescapable compromise btwn 2 traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously
(ie) either spend energy reproducing or else surviving
18
life history
sequence of events in an individual's life from birth to reproduction to death
- how individual allocates resources to growth, reproduction & activities or structures related to survival
- shaped by NS
19
arrangement patterns (AP)
(1) random
(2) clumped
(3) uniform
20
random (AP)
position is independent of others
(ie) seed dispersion
21
clumped (AP)
habitat quality = patchy or cliques
(ie) fish school
22
uniform (AP)
negative interactions occur among individuals
(ie) competition for space, H2O, resources
23
central processes of demography
(1) birth
(2) death
(3) emigration
(4) immigration
24
why are females the main focus of studying generations?
number of males rarely affect population growth
25
which age class is most important to save in conservation ecology?
The age-class producing the most babies
26
types of survivorship
(1) Type I
(2) Type II
(3) Type III
27
Type I survivorship
high survivorship throughout life
- most approach species max. life span
(ie) humans
28
Type II survivorship
same probability of dying each year of life
(ie) blackbirds & songbirds
29
Type III survivorship
extremely high death rates, but high survival rates later in life
(ie) plant seedlings
30
