Flashcards in Green Plants Deck (45)
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1
ecosystem services
all benefits that humans derive, directly or indirectly, from ecosystem fcns
2
nonvascular plant
paraphyletic group of land plants
- lack vascular tissue
- reproduce using spore
(ie) bryphytes
3
seedless vascular plant
have vascular tissue
- no produce seeds
- make microscopic spores that are carried by wind to new habitats
(ie) ferns
4
seed plant
have vascular tissue
- embryo w/ store of nutritive tissue surrounded by tough protective layer
(ie) angiosperm
5
vascular tissue
tissue that transports H2O, nutrients & sugars
- plants only
- made of complex tissues of xylem & phloem
- aka vascular tissue system
6
seed
plant reproductive system consisting of embryo, nutritive tissue (endosperm) & outer protective layer (seed coat)
7
angiosperm
flowering vascular plant that produces seeds w/in mature ovaries (fruit)
- form a single lineage
8
sporangia
spore-producing structure found in seed plants, some protists & some fungi
(ie) chytrids
9
gymnosperm
vascular plant that makes seeds but does not produce flowers
- 5 lineages: cycads, ginkgoes, conifers, redwoods, & gnetophytes
10
green algae
paraphyletic group of photosynthetic orgs
- contain chloroplasts similar to green plants
- often classified as protists
- closest living relatives of land plants
11
lichen
symbiotic association of a fungus
- a photosynthetic alga + cyanobacterium
12
peat
semi-decayed organic matter
- accumulates in moist, low-oxygen environments
13
rhizoid
hairlike structure that anchors nonvascular plant to substrate
14
roots
underground part of plant (anchors plants, absorbs H2O & nutrients)
- most ancestral branch in phylogenetic tree
15
rhizome
modified stem
- runs horizontally underground
- produces new plants @ nodes (sexual reproduction)
16
Types of green plants
(1) green algae
(2) land plants
17
Green plant significance to environment
(1) produce oxygen
(2) create, build, hold soil
(3) holds H2O & moderates climate (shade = low temp/wind)
(4) primary producers
18
3 categories of land plants
(1) nonvascular plants
(2) seedless vascular plants
(3) seed plants
19
cuticle
protective coating secreted by outermost layer of cells of animal/plant
- fcn: decrease water loss/evaporation
20
stoma
pore or opening
- (plants) microscopic pore surrounded by specialized cells that open pore -> found on surface of leaf/stem
- fcn: gas exchange
- pl. stomata
21
guard cells
1 of 2 specialized, crescent-shaped cells forming border of plant stoma
- change shape to open or close stoma
22
pore
(land plants) opening in epithelium
- fcn: gas exchange
23
lignin
substance found secondary cell walls of some plants
- stiff & strong
- complex polymer built from 6-carbon rings
- most abundant in woody plants parts
- hard to break
- "rings"
24
tracheids
(vascular plants) long, thin, water conducting cell
- has pits where lignin-containing secondary cell wall is absent
- allow H2O movement btwn adjacent cells
- "holes at top/bottom"
25
vessel elements
(vascular plants) short, wide, water conducting cell
- gaps through primary/secondary cell walls
- allow unimpeded passage of H2O btwn adjacent cells
"gaps at top/bottom"
26
wood
xylem resulting of secondary growth
- forms strong supporting material
- aka secondary xylem
27
gametangia
gamate forming structure found in all land plants, except angiosperms
- parts: antheridium (sperm-produce) & archegonium (egg-produce)
- gamate-forming structure of some chytrid fungi
- fcn: prevent drying out
28
embryophyte
plant that nourishes embryos inside own body
29
alternation of generation
(life cycle) alternate multicelluar haploid stage (gametophyte) w/ multicellular diploid stage (sporophyte)
- occurs in most plants, some protists
30
