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Flashcards in Competition Deck (19)
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1
Q

community

A

all of the species that interact w/ each other in a certain area
- type of specie interaction

2
Q

commensalism

A

a symbiotic relationship in which one org (the commensal) benefits & the other (the host) is not harmed
- type of specie interaction

(+/0)

3
Q

competition

A

(ecology) interaction btwn 2 species or 2 individuals trying to use the same limited resource (ie. water, food, living space)
- intraspecific or interspecific competition
- lowers fitness of both individuals
- type of specie interaction

(-/-)

4
Q

consumption

A

when one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another

  • interaction increases consumer’s fitness
  • decreases victim’s fitness

(+/-)

5
Q

mutualism

A

a symbiotic relationship btwn 2 orgs (mutualists) that benefits both

  • type of specie interaction
  • not always beneficial (deceit pollination - venus fly trap)

(+/+)

6
Q

coevolution

A

pattern of evolution where two interacting species influence each other’s adaptations over time

(ie) deers become fast, wolves change hunting strategies

7
Q

coevolutionary arms race

A

repeating cycle of reciprocal adaptation

(ie) one nation develops a new weapon -> rival nation develops defensive weapon -> original nation makes new, more powerful weapon

8
Q

intraspecific competition

A

competition btwn members of the SAME species for SAME limited resources

  • “w/in species”
  • major cause of density-dependent growth
9
Q

interspecific competition

A

competition btwn members of DIFF species for SAME limited resources

  • “btwn species”
  • niches overlap
10
Q

niche

A

range of resources that a species can use & the range of conditions that it can tolerate
- more broadly, role that species plays in its ecosystem

11
Q

symmetric competition

A

ecological competition btwn 2 species in which both suffer similar declines in fitness
- result of niche overlap

12
Q

asymmetric competition

A

(ecological competition btwn 2 species) one species suffers a greater fitness decline than other

13
Q

competition exclusion principle

A

idea that two species cannot coexist together in the same place

  • results in strong & weak competitor
  • asymmetric competition
14
Q

fundamental niche

A

total theoretical range of environmental conditions that a species can tolerate

15
Q

realized niche

A

portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies, given limiting factors such as competition w/ otro species

16
Q

fitness trade-offs

A

(evolutionary biology) inescapable compromise btwn 2 traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously
- good @ one thing, not the other

17
Q

niche differentiation

A

evolutionary change in resource b/c of competition

  • occurs as result of character displacement
  • resource partitioning
18
Q

character displacement

A

evolutionary change occurring in species’ traits

  • overlapping ranges change in a way that reduces interspecific competition
  • enables species to use diff. resources
  • niche differentiation possible
  • represents directional natural selection
19
Q

types of species interactions

A

(1) commensalism
(2) competition
(3) consumption
(4) mutualism