Flashcards in Competition Deck (19)
Loading flashcards...
1
community
all of the species that interact w/ each other in a certain area
- type of specie interaction
2
commensalism
a symbiotic relationship in which one org (the commensal) benefits & the other (the host) is not harmed
- type of specie interaction
(+/0)
3
competition
(ecology) interaction btwn 2 species or 2 individuals trying to use the same limited resource (ie. water, food, living space)
- intraspecific or interspecific competition
- lowers fitness of both individuals
- type of specie interaction
(-/-)
4
consumption
when one organism eats or absorbs nutrients from another
- interaction increases consumer’s fitness
- decreases victim’s fitness
(+/-)
5
mutualism
a symbiotic relationship btwn 2 orgs (mutualists) that benefits both
- type of specie interaction
- not always beneficial (deceit pollination - venus fly trap)
(+/+)
6
coevolution
pattern of evolution where two interacting species influence each other’s adaptations over time
(ie) deers become fast, wolves change hunting strategies
7
coevolutionary arms race
repeating cycle of reciprocal adaptation
(ie) one nation develops a new weapon -> rival nation develops defensive weapon -> original nation makes new, more powerful weapon
8
intraspecific competition
competition btwn members of the SAME species for SAME limited resources
- “w/in species”
- major cause of density-dependent growth
9
interspecific competition
competition btwn members of DIFF species for SAME limited resources
- “btwn species”
- niches overlap
10
niche
range of resources that a species can use & the range of conditions that it can tolerate
- more broadly, role that species plays in its ecosystem
11
symmetric competition
ecological competition btwn 2 species in which both suffer similar declines in fitness
- result of niche overlap
12
asymmetric competition
(ecological competition btwn 2 species) one species suffers a greater fitness decline than other
13
competition exclusion principle
idea that two species cannot coexist together in the same place
- results in strong & weak competitor
- asymmetric competition
14
fundamental niche
total theoretical range of environmental conditions that a species can tolerate
15
realized niche
portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies, given limiting factors such as competition w/ otro species
16
fitness trade-offs
(evolutionary biology) inescapable compromise btwn 2 traits that cannot be optimized simultaneously
- good @ one thing, not the other
17
niche differentiation
evolutionary change in resource b/c of competition
- occurs as result of character displacement
- resource partitioning
18
character displacement
evolutionary change occurring in species’ traits
- overlapping ranges change in a way that reduces interspecific competition
- enables species to use diff. resources
- niche differentiation possible
- represents directional natural selection
19
