Congestion and Oedema

Question 1

What is congestion?

Answer 1

Relative excess of blood in vessels of a tissue/organ

Question 2

Is congestion a passive process?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What is an example of local acute congestion?

Answer 3

DVT

Question 4

What is an example of local chronic congestion?

Answer 4

Hepatic cirrhosis

Question 5

What is an example of general acute congestion?

Answer 5

Congestive cardiac failure

Question 6

What is hepatic cirrhosis?

Answer 6

A disease in which the healthy tissue in the liver is replaced by scar tissue eventually rendering the liver ineffective

Question 7

What are 2 causes of hepatic cirrhosis?

Answer 7

Alcohol

Hepatitis B

Question 8

What is congestive cardiac failure?

Answer 8

When a pump is ineffective stopping the heart from being able to fully eject blood from the ventricles

Question 9

What type of drug do you use to treat the fluid overload in the veins caused by congestive cardiac failure?

Answer 9

Diuretics

Question 10

What are 2 of the consequences of congestive cardiac failure?

Answer 10

Central venous congestion in the liver

Pulmonary oedema

Question 11

What pressure is the constant movement of fluid through capillary beds driven by?

Answer 11

Hydrostatic pressure from the heart

Question 12

What pressure is the constant movement of fluid through capillary beds balanced by?

Answer 12

Osmotic pressures

Question 13

What is an oedema?

Answer 13

The accumulation of fluid in the extra-vascular space

Question 14

What is peripheral oedema?

Answer 14

Build up of interstitial fluid in tissues

Question 15

What is an effusion?

Answer 15

Accumulation of fluid in the body cavities

Question 16

What are transudates caused by?

Answer 16

Alterations of haemodynamic forces across the capillary walls

Question 17

What is the constituents of transudates? (3)

Answer 17

Low protein/albumin
Lots of water
Lots of electrolytes

Question 18

Is the specific gravity of transudates high or low?

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

What are exudates?

Answer 19

Fluids which enter into areas of inflammation?

Question 20

What is the constituents of exudates? (3)

Answer 20

High protein/albumin
Normal water
Normal electrolyte

Question 21

Is the specific gravity of exudates high or low?

Answer 21

High

Question 22

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Tumour, inflammation, allergy?

Answer 22

Exudates

Question 23

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Cardiac failure, fluid overload?

Answer 23

Transudates

Question 24

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates:

Pulmonary oedema, low protein oedema?

Answer 24

Transudates

Question 25

In pulmonary oedema where does the fluid accumulate in the lungs?

Answer 25

The alveolar spaces

Question 26

What pressure is responsible for pulmonary and peripheral oedema?

Answer 26

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 27

What pressure is responsible for lymphatic blockage?

Answer 27

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 28

Are the following examples of exudates or transudates: | Permeability oedema?

Answer 28

Exudates