Costley Module 15 ch 19

Question 1

The acquired pellicle is a ____ membranous layer that is ____, ____, and ____

Answer 1

tenacious
acellular
amorphous
organic

Question 2

The thickness of pellicle ranges from ___ to ___ micrometers

Answer 2

0. 1

0. 8

Question 3

Acquired pellicle begins to form ____ after all external material has been removed

Answer 3

minutes

Question 4

adsorbed means?

Answer 4

attached to

Question 5

Pellicle is composed of _____ from the ___

Answer 5

glycoproteins

saliva

Question 6

Pellicle, once adsorbed, becomes highly ____

Answer 6

insoluble

Question 7

What are the 3 types of pellicle

Answer 7

surface - unstained
surface - stained
subsurface

Question 8

Surface pellicle is __ so when it is stained with a disclosing agent it appears?

Answer 8

clear

thin with pale staining

Question 9

Surface pellicle is continuous with _____

Answer 9

subsurface

Question 10

Benefits of Pellicle:

Pellicle provides a barrier against _____ and keeps surfaces _____

Answer 10

acid

moist

Question 11

Disadvantages of Pellicle:

Pellicle participates in _____ formation and is a mode of _____ attachment

Answer 11

biofilm

calculus

Question 12

Subgingival acquired pellicle is derived from?

Answer 12

gingival sulcus fluid

Question 13

Dental biofilm is a ____, non- ______, _____ ___ of ____ in a _-___ _______ matrix

Answer 13

dense
mineralized
complex mass
Colonies
gel-like
intermicrobial

Question 14

Biofilm or “_____” contains many types of ______ more than ___ distinct species are found.

Answer 14

plaque
microorganisms (bacteria)
600

Question 15

What are the 3 steps in biofilm formation

Answer 15

pellicle formation
bacterial colonization
biofilm maturation

Question 16

Stage 1 of biofilm formation?

Answer 16

salivary glycoproteins adsorbed onto enamel

Question 17

Stage 2 of biofilm formation?

Answer 17

colonization of the pellicle by microorganisms

bacteria stick to pellicle layer

Question 18

Stage 3 of biofilm formation?

Answer 18

increase in mass and thickness of biofilm due to bacterial multiplication

Question 19

The shape and size of subgingival biofilm is molded by _____

Answer 19

shape of pocket wall

Question 20

Healthy gingiva have ___ biofilm with __ to ____cells thick

Answer 20

thin
15
20

Question 21

Chronic gingivitis has ____ biofilm with ___ to ____ cells thick

Answer 21

thick
100
300

Question 22

What are the 3 layers involved in subgingival biofilm

Answer 22

tooth surface
unattached middle
pocket epithelium

Question 23

The tooth surface has ____ type of bacteria attached

Answer 23

rod/cocci gram +

Question 24

The unattached biofilm in the middle (subgingival) has __ type of bacteria and what else floating around

Answer 24

spirochetes gram -

leukocytes

Question 25

The epithelium-attached biofilm has ___ type of bacteria and what else?

Answer 25

motile gram - | leukocytes

Question 26

The source of nutrients for bacteria in subgingival biofilm are?

Answer 26

sulcular fluid exudate leukocytes

Question 27

What contributes to the adhesion of biofilm to the teeth (besides pellicle)

Answer 27

sticky substance of polysaccharides in dietary sucrose

Question 28

What bacteria dominate the bacterial population in biofilm

Answer 28

streptococcus mutans and sanguis

Question 29

Days 4 to 7 of biofilm maturation: | _____ type bacteria increase and ____ appear. Also, gram ______ _____ and _____ are starting to be seen

Answer 29

``` filaments fusobacteria negative spirochetes vibrios ```

Question 30

Days 1-4 of biofilm maturation consist mainly of gram _____ ____ However, _____and ___ forms of bacteria may be seen

Answer 30

positive cocci rods filaments

Question 31

1 week to 2 weeks of biofilm maturation: | ___ and _____ are now easily seen and the number of ______ increases

Answer 31

spirochetes vibrios WBC

Question 32

As biofilm matures and thickens, more gram ______ and ___ organisms appear

Answer 32

negative | anaerobic

Question 33

At what time during biofilm maturation does inflammation begin to be observed clinically

Answer 33

1-2 wk time frame

Question 34

At what time during biofilm maturation is gingivitis evident clinically

Answer 34

2-3 wk time frame

Question 35

Most gingivitis is _____ and health can return within____

Answer 35

reversible | days

Question 36

Subgingival biofilm comes from?

Answer 36

proliferation of supragingival biofilm

Question 37

Biofilm composition is _____% organic/inorganic and _____ % water

Answer 37

20 | 80

Question 38

Microorganisms make up ___% or the organic component of biofilm

Answer 38

70-80

Question 39

The inorganic elements of biofilm are _____, ___ ,_______ and sometimes ___

Answer 39

Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Fluoride

Question 40

The organic components (other than microorganisms) of biofilm are _____, _____ and small amounts of ______?

Answer 40

Carbohydrates proteins lipids

Question 41

Biofilm occurs most frequently on ____ surfaces and around the ____ third

Answer 41

proximal | gingival

Question 42

What surfaces may have the least amount of biofilm due to activity of tongue

Answer 42

palatal

Question 43

Record biofilm by _____ and _____

Answer 43

location | extent (slight, moderate, heavy)

Question 44

Biofilm plays a major role in initiation and progression of ___ and ____

Answer 44

caries | periodontal disease

Question 45

Biofilm that is mineralized is termed?

Answer 45

Calculus

Question 46

______ bacteria have a role in progression of a carious lesion and _____ bacteria are prominent in initiation of a carious process

Answer 46

Lactobacilli | Streptococci

Question 47

Decreased _____ and increased ____ promote the growth of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in biofilm

Answer 47

``` salivary flow (xerostomia) carbohydrate consumption ```

Question 48

Acid formation begins ______ when the cariogenic substance is taken into biofilm

Answer 48

immediately

Question 49

How long does it take for the pH of biofilm to return to a normal level?

Answer 49

1-2hrs

Question 50

biofilm pH before eating?

Answer 50

6.2-7.0

Question 51

Critical pH for enamel demineralization?

Answer 51

4.5-5.5

Question 52

Critical pH for root surface demineralization

Answer 52

6.0-6.7

Question 53

The amount of demineralization depends on?

Answer 53

length of time and frequency of critical pH being in contact with tooth surface

Question 54

The incipient carious lesion begins with?

Answer 54

subsurface demineralization

Question 55

_____ is not needed in the mouth for biofilm to form

Answer 55

food particles

Question 56

What types of food are more cariogenic? soft or hard

Answer 56

soft

Question 57

The friction of mastication has been shown to affect only the ___ and ____ of the crowns of teeth in biofilm removal

Answer 57

occlusal | incisal 1/3

Question 58

In health the majority of bacteria are anaerobic gram +? True or False

Answer 58

False | Aerobic gram + is the True answer

Question 59

What is a loosely adherent mass of bacteria and cellular debris found on top of biofilm

Answer 59

materia alba

Question 60

Materia alba is __, ___-deposit that is _ or _____ in color and resembles ______

Answer 60

``` bulky soft white grayish white cottage cheese ```

Question 61

_____ and ___ are seen frequently under materia alba

Answer 61

tooth surface demineralization | early noncavitated lesions

Question 62

How is materia alba removed

Answer 62

water spray or oral irrigator

Question 63

Loose food particles collect about the ___ 1/3 and ____ embrasures of teeth

Answer 63

cervical | proximal