Costley Module 16 ch 20

Question 1

What are the 2 most frequent surfaces you find calculus on?

Answer 1

lingual MN anteriors

facial MX molars

Question 2

What are some other names for supra-gingival calculus

Answer 2

supra-marginal
extra-gingival
Coronal
Salivary

Question 3

What are some other names for sub-gingival calculus

Answer 3

Submarginal

Serumal

Question 4

Mature calculus is usually ___ to ___% inorganic

Answer 4

70-90

Question 5

at least 2/3 of the inorganic matter of calculus is _____

Answer 5

hydroxyapatite

Question 6

What are the other types of crystalline found in calculus

Answer 6

brushite
whitlockite
octacalcium phosphate

Question 7

Enamel contains ___% inorganic material

Answer 7

96

Question 8

Dentin contains ______% inorganic material

Answer 8

65

Question 9

Cementum and bone contain __ to _% inorganic material

Answer 9

45-50

Question 10

The organic component of calculus is made up of?

Answer 10

microorganisms
desquamated epithelial cells
leukocytes
mucin

Question 11

Calculus results from the deposition of _____ into a biofilm organic matrix

Answer 11

minerals

Question 12

What are the 3 steps to calculus formation

Answer 12

pellicle formation
biofilm formation
mineralization

Question 13

Early Calculus Formation is when _____ form

Answer 13

mineralization foci (centers)

Question 14

Mineralization first occurs within the _____

Answer 14

intermicrobial matrix

Question 15

Heavy calculus former have higher salivary levels of _____

Answer 15

calcium and phosphorus

Question 16

Light calculus formers have a higher level of ______

Answer 16

parotid pyrophosphate

Question 17

What is an inhibitor of calcification and is used in anti-calculus toothpaste

Answer 17

pyrophosphate

Question 18

Calculus forms in ______

Answer 18

layers

Question 19

The layers in calculus are separated by lines that appear to be______ and are called _______ lines?

Answer 19

pellicle

incremental

Question 20

The surface of calculus is _____ and can be detected by use of a ____ or _____

Answer 20

rough
explorer
probe

Question 21

The outer layer of sub-gingival calculus is partly _____ ________ that is touching the _____

Answer 21

calcified biofilm

pocket epithelium

Question 22

The average formation time of calculus is_____ However, it can begin as early as _____ to _____ when a patient’s personal daily oral hygiene is neglected?

Answer 22

12 days

24-48 hrs

Question 23

The ease/difficulty of removal can be related to what?

Answer 23

manner of attachment

Question 24

Calculus attachment by means of ______ is easily removed and occurs most frequently on enamel and newly scaled root surfaces?

Answer 24

pellicle

Question 25

Calculus attachment by means of _____ is hard to remove because it gets locked into the surface

Answer 25

minute irregularities in tooth surface | mechanical locking

Question 26

Calculus attachment by means of ____ is when crystals of the tooth and calculus form as one

Answer 26

direct contact

Question 27

Calculus is important in the progression of ____

Answer 27

gingivitis and periodontal disease

Question 28

Sub-gingival biofilm develops as a result of?

Answer 28

down growth of supra-gingival biofilm bacteria

Question 29

Calculus provides a ______ for the collection of ______ due to its rough porous surface

Answer 29

haven | bacteria/endotoxins

Question 30

Sub-gingival calculus can be what colors?

Answer 30

light to dark brown, dark green, black

Question 31

The coloring of sub-gingival calculus comes from?

Answer 31

blood pigments of diseased pocket

Question 32

The shape of the sub-gingival calculus is made by?

Answer 32

shape of the gingival tissue

Question 33

Sub-gingival calculus occurs _____ associated supra-gingival depostis

Answer 33

with or without

Question 34

Sub-gingival calculus is heaviest ______ and lightest on ______ surfaces

Answer 34

proximal | facial

Question 35

Radiographic examination for calculus is ___ useful

Answer 35

not

Question 36

The patient needs to understand the ____ of daily biofilm removal and be ___ to spend time each day

Answer 36

necessity | motivated