Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

First Aid > cram.pathoma > Flashcards

cram.pathoma Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Dx

Bilateral cysts in the kidney, but NOT inherited

A

Dysplastic kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dx

Potter sequence, HTN, renal failure in child

A

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Associated with renal cysts

A

Hepatic cysts

Both ADPKD and ARPKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dx

HTN, hematuria, renal failure in young adult, berry aneurysm, hepatic cysts, mitral valve prolapse

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Cysts in Kidney, Liver, and Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Renal cysts: Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease vs Polycystic Kidney Disease

1) Kidney size
2) Location of cysts

A

MDCK = Small, Cysts in Medulla

PKD = Large, Cysts in Cortex and Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does BUN/Cr increase in Prerenal azotemia?

A

BUN is resorbed in tubule. Cr is not. Nl BYN:Cr is 15:1. Prerenal will cause increased Aldosterone –> Inc Na resorption –> Inc water resorption –> Inc BUN resorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Signs of Tubular damage

5

A

1) BUN:Cr 2%
3) Urine Osm <500
4) Hyperkalemia
5) Metabolic Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does ATN cause azotemia/renal failure?

A

Dead tubule cells slough off and block filtrate causing backpressure that prevents Filtering –> Renail failure/azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dx

Brown granular cast

A

ATN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dx

Eosinophils in urine

A

Drug induced ATN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of Nephrotic Sx

4

A

1) Hypoalbuminemia
2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
3) Hypercoagulable (ATIII decreased)
4) Hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kidney disease in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

Minimal Change Disease (bc of cytokines!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dx

Nl glomeruli, effacement on EM, negative IF

A

Minimal Change Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx

Minimal Change Disease

A

Steroids

only Nephrotic sx with excellent response to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dx
HIV pt develops Nephrotic sx
(or heroin, or sickle cell, basically someone from The Wire)

A

Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dx

Lupus pt gets Nephrotic Sx

A

Membranous Nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dx

Thick basement membrane, Granular on IF, Spike and dome on EM

A

Membranous Nephropathy

spikes/domes from immune deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dx

Thick capillary membrane in Glomerulus, Tram Track appearance, IF deposits

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which Nephrotic sx is called -nephritis

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephrtitis

Can cause Nephritic or Nephrotic or Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of Membranoproliferative Glumerulonephritis
C3 Nephritic Factor, Intramembranous

HBV/HCV, Subdendothelial

A

1) Type I
2) Type II

(Membranous deposits are above BM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mech Nephrotic sx in Diabetes

A

High Sugar glycosylates vascular membrane –> Hyaline arteriosclerosis of Efferent > Afferent –> High filtration –> Microalbuminuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx

Nephrotic sx due to Diabetes

A

ACE-Is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dx

Nephrotic sx, apple-green birefrigence

A

Systemic Amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Characteristics of Glomerulonephritis

4

A

Glomerular Inflmmation with

1) Oliguria
2) Salt retention and edema
3) RBC casts
4) Limited proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What carries Nephritic potential on Strep bugs
M Factor
26
What is Crescent in RPGN?
Fibrin and Macrophages
27
Dx | Linear immunoflouorescence pattern
Goodpasture's
28
Dx: Pauci-Immune IF cANCA: pANCA:
cANCA: Wegener's Granulomatosis pANCA: Churg-Strauss and Microscopic Polyangiitis Churg-Strauss has Eos and Asthma
29
Dx | Isolated hematuria, sensory hearing loss, ocular disturbances
Alport Sx | Type IV collagen defect
30
What do urine nitrItes show?
That bacteria turned NitrAtes into NitrItes
31
Dx | Pyruria with negative urine cx
Urethritis (Gonorrhea or Chlamydia)
32
Tx | Calcium oxalate/phosphate
HCTZ
33
Dx Staghorn caliculus (2)
Proteus or Klebsiella
34
Tx | Uric acid stone
Hydration and alkalinization of urine
35
Which cells make EPO
Renal Peritubular Interstitial cells
36
Renal risk for Dialysis | 2
1) Cysts | 2) Renal Cell Carcinoma
37
Dx | Hematuria, palpable mass, flank pain
Renal Cell Carcinoma
38
Paraneoplasms of Renal Cell Carcinoma | 4
1) EPO - PV 2) Renin - HTN 3) PTHrP - Osteomalcia 4) ACTH - Cushings
39
Mech Renal Cell Carcinoma
Loss of VHL tumor supressor gene, Inc IGF-1, Inc HIF and VEGF
40
Dx | Blastema (i.e. small dark blue cells in kidney mass)
Wilms Tumor
41
Wilms tumor associations | 2
1) Beckwith-Wiedemann Sx | 2) WAGR syndrome
42
Dx | Middle eastern male with urogenital cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
43
Where do Adenocarcinoma of Bladder originate from | 3
1) Urachal remnant (dome of bladder) 2) Bladder extrophy 3) Cysitis Glandularis
44
How to predict what Healthy Kidneys will do if extra-renal perturbation?
- ADH and Water Retention/Excretion will always respond to NATREMIA - Na Retention/Excretion will always respond to VOLEMIA * Exception: In Hypovolemic Hyponatremia the low volume trumps the hyponatremia causing Water Retention not loss
45
Which Renal diseases are both Nephritic and Nephrotic? | 2
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
46
Type of Hypersensitivity reaction in Post Strep GN?
Type III (Immune complex mediated)
47
Dx | Increased thickness of glomerular basement membrane, granular deposits on IF, spike and dome deposits
Membranous Nephropathy
48
Dx | Palpable abdominal mass with pain to groin after cervical cancer
Hydonephrosis due to ureteral damage during hysterectomy
49
Where doe ADH act SPECIFICALLY?
MEDULLARY portion of Collecting Duct
50
Potassium reabsorption and regulation along Nephron - Proximal Tubule = - Loop of Henle = - Collecting Duct =
- Proximal Tubule = 70% Does not regulate K - Loop of Henle = 20% Does not regulate K - Collecting Duct = Where K is regulated
51
Things that increase K secretion at Collecting Duct | 4
1) Hyperkalemia 2) Aldosterone 3) Alkalosis 4) Thiazide Diurecics
52
Diuretics that - Waste Ca - Retain Ca
- Waste Ca = Loop Diuretics | - Retain Ca = Thiazides
53
Which part of Nephron is Impermeable to water?
Thick Ascending Limb of LoH
54
What is interesting about Minimal Change disease's protein loss?
It is Selective and thus loses much albumin but little Ig for example
55
Dx | Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
56
Causes of HUS
Shigella or E Coli O157
57
What constitutes deposits in Post Strep GN? | 3
IgG IgM C3
58
Tx | To prevent recurrent Ca stones
Thiazide diuretics
59
Renal S/e Amphotericin B (2)
Hypokalemia and Hypomagenesemia
60
Where is urine the most dilute in Nephron?
Distal tubule
61
Dx | Bilateral Renal Angiomyolipoma
Tuberous sclerosis
62
Dx | Anti alpha3-chain of collagen Type IV Abs
Goodpature's
63
``` Dx Nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease) ```
Diabetic Nephropathy
64
Tx Diabetic nephropathy (2)
ACE-I or | ARB
65
Dx | IgG4 Abs to Phospholipase A2 receptor
Membranous nephropathy
66
Which polymerase incorporates Uracil into DNA in prokaryotes?
Primase
67
Where does AngII cause vasoconstriction in kidney?
1) EFFERENT arteriole
68
Which parts of nephron are most susceptible to ischemia?
Proximal Tubule | then Thick Ascending Limb of LoH
69
S/e | Antidiuretic causes Ototoxicity
Furosemide
70
What is gene on C'some 3 causing Renal Cell Carcinoma
von Hippel Lindau
71
What happens to Phos in urine during Acidosis?
Acidosis = Titratable acids (H2PO4- and NH4+ are excreted)

First Aid (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions