FARR4 Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in slouging of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn’s)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
3* syphilis (syhpilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobing S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumonia
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pnuemoniae/N.meningitidis (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac 1* tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, 1* myxoma (4:1 left:right atrium ball and valve”)”
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly women or man)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbulirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrom (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD> RCA> LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism
35
Cushing syndrome
* Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy), * Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), * ACTH- secreting pituitary adenoma, * Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (world wide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common world wid)
50
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma- epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
54
Hematoma- subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
55
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes" and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma"
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
57
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
58
HLA - B27
Ankylosing spondylitis
59
HLA - DR3 or DR4
Diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
60
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
61
Hypercoagulability, enothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis
62
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
64
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
65
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
66
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staph aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalse positive)
67
Kidney stones
1. Calcium=radiopaque, 2. Struvite (ammonium)=radiopaque (formed by urease positive organisms such as Proteus vulgarus or Staphylococcus), 3. Uric acid=radiolucent
68
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-->R becomes R-->L)
Eisenmnger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
69
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
70
Lysosomal Storage Disease
Gaucher's disease
71
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
72
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
73
Malignant skin tumor
basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
74
Mental retardation
1. Down syndrome, 2. Fragile X
75
Metastases to bone
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
76
Metastases to brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
77
Metastases to liver
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
78
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and female, inherited through females only
79
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
80
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
81
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
82
Neoplasms (kids)
1. ALL, 2. Cerebellae medulloblastoma
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
MInimal change disease (asociated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
85
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hyogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Oppurtunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystitis jirovecii pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
93
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells)
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, b/l)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60
99
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl fusion)
CML (may be associated with ALL/AML)
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophilic" adenoma"
102
1* amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
103
1* bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
1* hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
1* hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
1* liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency)
107
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
108
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
110
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling (L-> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure {CHF})
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
2* hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfection with gonorrhea)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
118
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
120
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
121
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma
122
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome CML (bcr-abl fusion)
123
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
124
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
125
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
126
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
127
Tumor in infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
129
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastomas (malignant)
130
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
131
Type of non-hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women at high risk, body stores 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
