resp.pharm

Question 1

what are the H1 blockers?

Answer 1

reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors

Question 2

what are the 1st generation H1 blockers

Answer 2

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

Question 3

what are the clinical uses of 1st gen H1 blockers

Answer 3

allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

Question 4

what is the toxicity associated with 1st gen H1 blockers

Answer 4

sedation antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic

Question 5

what are the 2nd generation H1 blcokers

Answer 5

loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, ceterizine

Question 6

what are the clinical uses of 2nd gen H1 blockers

Answer 6

allergy

Question 7

what is the toxicity associated with 1st gen H1 blockers

Answer 7

far less sedating than 1st gen because of decreased entry into CNS

Question 8

what are the expectorants?

Answer 8

guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine

Question 9

what is guiafenesin?

Answer 9

expectorant that things respiratory secretions but does nto suppress cough reflex

Question 10

what is N-acetylcysteine

Answer 10

mucolytic - loosesn mucous plugs in CF patients. Used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose

Question 11

what is dextromethorphan?

Answer 11

antitussive. Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors. Synthetic codeine analod that has mild opioid effects when used in excess.

Question 12

how do you treat dextromethorphan overdose?

Answer 12

naloxone. {Mild abuse potential}

Question 13

MOA of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Answer 13

sympathomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants

Question 14

what is the clinical use of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Answer 14

reduce hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion

open obstructed eustachian tubes

Question 15

what is the toxicity of pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

Answer 15

hypertension. Can cause CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)

Question 16

what are the two pathways leading to bronchoconstriction in asthma?

Answer 16

inflammatory and parasympathetic tone

Question 17

what are the types of asthma drugs?

Answer 17

beta 2 agonists, methylxanthines, muscarinic agonists, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, omalizumab, methacholine, bosentan

Question 18

what beta 2 agonists are used to treat asthma?

Answer 18

albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol

Question 19

what drugs are methylxanthines?

Answer 19

theophylline

Question 20

what muscarinic antagonists are used to treat asthma

Answer 20

ipratropium, tiotropium

Question 21

what corticosteroids are used to treat asthma?

Answer 21

beclomethasone, fluticasone

Question 22

what antileukotrienes are used to treat asthma?

Answer 22

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

Question 23

what does albuterol do?>

Answer 23

relaxes bronchial smooth muscles (b2). Use during acute exacerbation

Question 24

what do salmeterol and formoterol do?

Answer 24

long acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects are tremor and arrhythmias

Question 25

what does theophylline do?

Answer 25

bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase --> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis. The usage is limited because of narrow theraputic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity), metabolized by cP450. Blocks actions of adenosine

Question 26

what does ipratropium do?

Answer 26

competive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchocontstriction. Used for COPD, as is tiotropium, a long acting muscarinic antagonist

Question 27

what do beclomethasone and fluticasone do?

Answer 27

inhibit the synthesis of all cytokines | inactivate NF-kb which no longer induces production of TNFa and other inflammatory agents. 1st line for chronic asthma

Question 28

what do montelukast and zafirlukast do?

Answer 28

block leukotriene receptors, especially for aspirin induced asthma

Question 29

what does zileuton do?

Answer 29

5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor that blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

Question 30

what does omalizumab?

Answer 30

monoclonal anti-IgE Ab. Binds unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FceRI. Used in allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long acting beta2 agonists

Question 31

what does methacholine do?

Answer 31

muscarinic receptor antagonist. Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma

Question 32

what does bosentan do?

Answer 32

used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Competitively antagonises endothelin-1 receptors, decreases pulmonary vascular resistance

Question 33

diphenhydramine

Answer 33

1st gen H1 blocker

Question 34

dimenhydrinate

Answer 34

1st gen H1 blocker

Question 35

chlorpheniramine

Answer 35

1st gen H1 blocker

Question 36

loratadine

Answer 36

2nd gen H1 blocker

Question 37

fexofenadine

Answer 37

2nd gen H1 blocker

Question 38

desloratadine

Answer 38

2nd gen H1 blocker

Question 39

cetirizine

Answer 39

2nd gen H1 blocker

Question 40

guaifenesin

Answer 40

expectorant

Question 41

N-acetylcysteine

Answer 41

expectorant

Question 42

dextromethorphan

Answer 42

NMDA receptor antagonist

Question 43

pseudoephedrine

Answer 43

sympathomimetic alpha agonist

Question 44

phenylephrine

Answer 44

sympathomimetic alpha agonist

Question 45

albuterol

Answer 45

SA beta2 agonist

Question 46

salmeterol

Answer 46

LA beta2 agonist

Question 47

formoterol

Answer 47

LA beta2 agonist

Question 48

theophylline

Answer 48

methylxanthines: phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Question 49

ipratropium

Answer 49

muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 50

beclomethasone

Answer 50

corticosteroid

Question 51

fluticasone

Answer 51

corticosteroid

Question 52

montelukast

Answer 52

antileukotrienes

Question 53

zafirlukast

Answer 53

antileukotrienes

Question 54

zileuton

Answer 54

antileukotrienes

Question 55

omalizumab

Answer 55

anti-IgE antibody

Question 56

methacholine

Answer 56

muscarinic receptor agonist

Question 57

bosentan

Answer 57

endothelin-1 receptor competitive antagonist