FARR2 Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thromobosis)
2
Q
Achilles tendon xanthoma
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia (dec. LDL receptor)
3
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotnesion, DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
4
Q
Anterior drawer sign” +”
A
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
5
Q
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
A
Marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin defect)
6
Q
Athlete with polycythemia
A
secondary to EPO injection
7
Q
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
A
Pott’s disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
8
Q
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
A
Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granuloma)
9
Q
Blue sclera
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta (defect type I collagen)
10
Q
Bluish gingival line
A
Burton’s line (lead poisoning)
11
Q
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
A
Paget’s disease of bone (inc. osteoblast and osteoclast activity)
12
Q
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
A
Aortic Regurgitation
13
Q
Butterfly facial rash, and Raynaud’s phenomenon in young female
A
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
14
Q
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
A
Neurofibramotisis type 1 (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
15
Q
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
A
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signal mutation)
16
Q
Calf psudohypertrophy
A
Muscular dsytrophy (mainly Duchenne’s); recessive X-linked deletion of dystrophin gene
17
Q
Cherry red spot on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemman-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
18
Q
Chest pain on exertion
A
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimum exertion) (Heibel: progressive worsening = unstable)
19
Q
Chest pain, pericaridal effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
A
Dressler’s syndrome (autoimmune mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
20
Q
Child using arms to stand up from squatting position
A
Gower’s sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
21
Q
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
A
Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiousum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
22
Q
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
A
Huntingon’s disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
23
Q
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
A
McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
24
Q
Cold intolerance
A
Hypothyroidism
25
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (multiple sclerosis), unilateral (stroke)
26
Continuous machine-like" heart murmur"
PDA (closed with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)
27
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedma (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease (pretibial)
28
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
29
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
30
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (nicacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency)
31
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency)
32
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
33
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmunedestruction of exocrine glands)
34
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
35
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen type 3 defect)
36
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
37
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
38
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
39
Fat, Female, Forty, and Fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstone)
40
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphillis
Jarish- Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
41
Fever, cough, conjuctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles
42
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symtoms (staging) of lymphoma
43
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
44
Gout, intellectual disability, self mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyan syndrome (HPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
45
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
46
Hamartomous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers synderome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowl obstruction; Inc. cancer risk, mainly GI)
47
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurological symptoms
Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
48
Herditary nerphritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in type 4 collagen)
49
Hyperphagia, hypersexualtiy, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
50
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign positive
UMN damage
51
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
LMN damage
52
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Blue Bloater" (chornic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)"
53
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Nonpainful: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum), Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
54
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
55
Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
Niemman-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
56
Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6- phosphate deficiency, more severe)
57
Infant with microcephaly, rocker botom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
58
Jandince, palpable distended nontender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
59
Large rash with bull's eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (lyme disease: Borrelia)
60
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
61
Male child, recurrent infection, no mature B cells
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
62
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
63
Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
64
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
65
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Pompe disease (lysosomal ?-1,4 glucosidase deficiency)
66
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk of C5-C6 brachial plexus injury: waiter's tip")"
67
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
68
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
69
Oscillating slow/fast breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
70
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infecious mononucleosis)
71
Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasms in extremities)
72
Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
73
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabcesses)
74
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
75
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affect skin and kidneys)
76
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN I (autosomal dominant)
77
Periorbital and or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholestrolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
78
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
Pink Puffer" (emphysema: centriacinar (smoking), panacinar (?1-antitrypsin deficiency))"
79
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
80
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6P's)
Lichen planus
81
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
82
Pupil accomodates but doesn't react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
83
Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/ URI
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute automimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
84
Rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A, 2* syphilis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
85
Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Hyper- IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophils chemotaxis abnormality)
86
Red currant jelly" sputum in alcoholics or diabetic patients"
Klebsiella pneumoniae
87
Red currant jelly" stools"
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussception (infants)
88
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
89
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
90
Renal cell carcinoma (b/l), hemagnioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytomas
von-Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
91
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
92
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
93
Severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 1 (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
94
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
95
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign (acute appendicitis)
96
Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
97
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
98
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
99
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Addison disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency causing increased ACTH, and increased a-MSH production)
100
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)
101
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/ lingual mucosa with blue white centers
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
102
Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (2* syphilis)
103
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
104
Strawberry tongue""
Scarlet fever, Kawaskai disease, toxic shock syndrome
105
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
106
Sudden swollen/painful big toe join, tophi
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
107
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
108
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard nodes), DIP (Heberden nodes))
109
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic Valve Stenosis
110
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN - 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
111
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN - 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
112
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
113
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve (LMN CN VII palsy)
114
Urethritis, conjuctivitis, arthritis in male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
115
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma (benin, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
116
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal laceration
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
117
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
118
Worst headache of my life""
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
