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Veterinary Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What fibers are coming out of the spinal nerves?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic (sacral spinal nerves)
Somatic afferent and efferent

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2
Q

What are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?

A

C3- oculomotor
C7- facial
C9- Glossopharyngeal
C10- Vagus

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3
Q

What are the cranial nerves that move the eye?

A

C3- oculomotor
C4- trochlear
C6- abducent

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4
Q

C1 (olfactory nerve)

A

Smell (sensory)
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
Originates in the olfactory mucosa

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5
Q

C1/ olfactory pathway

A

Cells bodies in ethmoidal turbinates –> Cribriform plates –> Olfactory bulbs/synapse
Pathway doesn’t go through the thalamus

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6
Q

Vomernasal Organ (Jacobson’s Organ)

A

Chemosensory organ at the floor of the nasal cavity

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7
Q

The Flehmen response

A

Olfactory mechanism identifies the reproductive state of females based on pheromones

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8
Q

Clinical disorders dealing with the olfactory nerve

A

If they can’t smell, wont eat
Meningitis/ encephalitis: meninges provide routes for infection from nose to cr. cavity and brain

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9
Q

Anosmia and Hyposmia

A

Lack of ability to smell
Decreased ability to smell

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10
Q

C2 (optic)

A

Visual perception from the retina to the brain (sensory ganglion in retina)
Special somatic afferent (SSA)

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11
Q

What does C2 enter?

A

Optic canal, optic chiasm, optic tract, lat. geniculate body and occipital cortices (visual cortex)

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12
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Inflammation of optic nerve
Swelling and destruction of myelin sheath –> axial damage
Multiple sclerosis
Sudden loss of vision

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13
Q

Optic nerve testing

A

Menace response test
Pupillary light response (PLR)

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14
Q

Menace response test

A

Create a threatening gesture
Sensory component –> optic
Motor component –> facial
Air current will stimulate the trigeminal

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15
Q

Pupillary light repsonse (PLR)

A

Flashing light
Sensory –> optic
Motor (pupil construction)–> oculomotor (parasym.)

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16
Q

C3 (oculomotor)

A

Pupillary adjustment and lens accommodations
Eye movement (motor)
Parasympathetic

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17
Q

Somatic efferent fibers of C3

A

Passes through the orbital fissure
Innervates dorsal, medial, and ventral rectus, ventral oblique, and levator palpebral superioris

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18
Q

Parasympathetic efferent fibers of C3

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A

Ciliary m./ lens accommodation
Constrictor pulpillae of the iris (pupillary constriction to light)

19
Q

C3 deficit

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A

Ptosis: eyelid drooping
Mydriasis: excessive dilation of pupil
Ventrolateral strabismus

20
Q

Horner’s syndrome (C3)

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A

Miosis of l. eye
Ptosis
Elevation of 3rd eyelid
Enophthalmos

21
Q

C4 (Trochlear)

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A

Eye movement (somatic efferent) to the dorsal oblique muscle
Passes through the orbital fissure
Dorsolateral strabismus

22
Q

C5 (Trigeminal)

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A

Sensory to face structures
Motor to muscles of mastication

23
Q

What are the 3 branches of C5?

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A

Mandibular- muscles of mastication
Ophthalmic- eye (sensory)
Maxillary- face (sensory)

24
Q

Mandibular nerve of C5

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A

Sensory: Lower lip, tongue mucosa and teeth of lower jaw
Motor: muscles of mastication
Passes through oval foramen

25
Ophthalmic nerve of C5
Sensory to forehead, medial canthus, eyeball, cornea and nasal mucosa Passes through orbital fissure
26
Maxillary n. of C5
Sensory to upper lip, soft and hard palate, teeth of upper jaw Passes through round foramen and rostral alar foramen
27
Clinical cases of C5
Mandibular nerve (dropped jaw, loss of sensation) Ophthalmic abnormal corneal reflex Maxillary/ loss of sensation in upper lips
28
C6 (Abducent)
Eye movement (motor) Passes through orbital fissure Innervates lateral rectus and retracter bulbi Medial strabismus
29
C7 (facial) innervations
Motor to muscles of facial expressions Taste sensation on rostral 2/3 tongue Parasympathetic to lacrimal and mandibular salivary glands
30
Facial nerve paralysis (C7)
Loss of sensation (glands) Inability to close eye/ no palpebral response (orbicularis occuli) Food in vestibule (buccinator) Drop ear (rostral and cd. auricular m.)
31
C8 (vestibulocochlear)
Hearing and balance Special somatic afferent (SSA) Passes through the internal acoustic meatus 2 branches: cochlear (hearing) and vestibular (balance)
32
Clinical considerations of C8
Head tilt (to affected side) Ataxia (staggering gait) Rolling (toward side of lesion) Nystagmus (eye flicking, vestibulo-ocular reflex)
33
C9 (Glossopharyngeal)
Pharynx muscles Taste and sensation cd. 1/3 of tongue Parotid and zygomatic salivary gland (parasymp.) Passes through the jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure
34
Clinical considerations of C9
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) Gag reflex Salivation disorder
35
C10 (vagus) innervation and what does it pass through?
Passes through the jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure Innervates pharynx, larynx, heart and abdominal viscera
36
What are the branches of C10?
Cr. laryngeal n., recurrent (cd. laryngeal), cardiac branches, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
37
Pharyngeal m. innervations by C10
Motor and sensory Pharyngeal constrictors
38
Intrinsic m. innervations by C10
Cr. laryngeal n. to cricothyroideus m. Cd. (recurrent) laryngeal n. to remainder of laryngeal m.
39
Clinical considerations of C10
Dysphagia Gag relfex Paralysis of intrinsic laryngeal m. Damage to recurrent laryngeal n. Roaring especially in horses
40
C11 (Accessory)
Head and neck movement (motor)
41
C12 (Hypoglossal)
Tongue muscle and movement (motor) Passes through the hypoglossal canal Runs with lingual a.
42
C12 clinical considerations
Paralysis of extrinsic m. (can't protrude tongue) Paralysis of ipsilateral m. Deviation of tongue toward injured side (LMN) or healthy side (UMN)
43
Type of innervations by C10
Motor and sensory to pharynx Parasymp. to thoracic and abdominal viscera

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