Hind Limb Locomotion

Question 1

In _____ breeds, skin of the ______ indicates the form of underlying muscles

Answer 1

1. Lean
2. Croup

Question 2

Clinical Significance of german shepherds

Answer 2

Joints are always in a flexed state

Question 3

Where is the croup located?

Answer 3

Area over the pelvic cavity

Question 4

Clinical Significance of the Dobermans and boxers?

Answer 4

Major joints extended and tarsus is straight
Predispose stifle joint to several disorders

Question 5

Retraction in the hind limb

Answer 5

Hind extended
Hip extensors move caudally
Gluteal

Question 6

Protraction in the hind limb

Answer 6

Acute/ flexed in rear
Iliopsoas
Hip flexors

Question 7

What are the gluteal group muscles of the hip?

Answer 7

Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal (powerful extensor) with accessory and piriformis deep
Deep gluteal
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 8

What is the synergist to the Iliopsoas and rectus femoris?

Answer 8

Tensor Fasciae latae

Question 9

Iliopsoas

Answer 9

Powerful flexor of the hip
Tender loin
In the propulsion group

Question 10

What are the muscles of the iliopsoas?

Answer 10

Psoas major (proximal)
Iliacus (distal)

Question 11

What is the medial group of the Hindlimb?

Answer 11

Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor
External Obturator
Sartorius

Question 12

What is the origin of the gracilis?

Answer 12

Symphyseal tendon CT that joins the pelvis

Question 13

What are the sides of femoral triangle?

Answer 13

Dorsal: Iliopsoas
Cranial: caudal part of sartorius
Caudal: Pectineus

Question 14

Femoral Triangle

Answer 14

Conduct the pulse @ the femoral artery
Vascular lacuna found here
Femoral vein for IV injections

Question 15

What is the deep group of the hindlimb?

Answer 15

Internal Obturator, gemelli, Quadratus femoris

Question 16

Internal Obturator

Answer 16

The IO tendon crosses the gemelli
Bursa between tendon and lesser ischiatic arch

Question 17

Articularis Coxae

Answer 17

Sitting on the hip joint cavity
Reflect the deep gluteal

Question 18

The caudal hamstring group of the of the hip

Answer 18

Extend from the ischial tuber to proximal and distal stifle
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Question 19

What are the muscles attached to the common calcaneon tendon

Answer 19

Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Super digital flexor

Question 20

Clinical Significance of the biceps femoris

Answer 20

IM injection given on the back of the muscle

Question 21

What do you want to be careful of in the biceps femoris?

Answer 21

For an IM injection, hitting the sciatic nerve because it will give temporary paralysis

Question 22

What is the clinical significance of the semitendinosus?

Answer 22

Insertion is the “string of ham”
Popliteal fossa and lymph node in the gap

Question 23

What muscles causes the most propulsion to an animal?

Answer 23

Semimembranosus

Question 24

Soleus muscle

Answer 24

In the cat only!!
Attaches to the common calcaneon tendon
Extend the tarsal joint

Question 25

Reciprocal mechanism

Answer 25

Movements of the stifle and hock move in unison

Question 26

Important components of the hip joint

Answer 26

'Ligament of the femoral head'- has intracapsular ligament, attach to the head of the femor and fovea capitis Transverse acetabular ligament- deep socket but if shallow the animal will have hip problems

Question 27

Surgical approach for hip dysplasia

Answer 27

Craniolateral direction between the tensor fascia and biceps femoris Exposes the proximal vastus lateralis (articularis coxae) Enter the joint cavity

Question 28

What are the endangered structures with hip dysplasia surgery?

Answer 28

Sciatic nerve and caudal gluteal vessels Caudal from incision

Question 29

Total hip replacement

Answer 29

Cement mantel surrounding the femoral and acetabular prosthesis (artificial` body part)

Question 30

Chacteristics of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 30

Principal extensor Weight bearing muscle, if not the stifle will collapse

Question 30

Characteristics of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 30

Principal stifle extensor Weight bearing muscle, if not the stifle will collapse 4 parts: Vastus lateralis, v. medialis, v. intermedialis, rectus femoris I/M injections Analogy to the triceps brachii

Question 31

Femoral fractures

Answer 31

Most commonly fractures bone Breaks occur mid-shaft Complicated by the lower fragment displaced caudally by the pull of the gastrocnemius Repaired by intramedullary pinning

Question 32

Surgical approach for femoral fraction

Answer 32

Lateral approach is the most convenient Incision of the skin, fascia lata Biceps femoris is reflected caudally Reflecting vastus lateralis cranially exposes the shaft `

Question 33

Venipuncture

Answer 33

1. Cephalic vein (thoracic, arm) 2. Jugular vein (neck) 3. Saphenous vein (pelvic, thigh and leg) 4. Femoral vein (femoral triangle)

Question 34

Saphenous Vein

Answer 34

3rd place of venipuncture Well secured due to fascia Used for intravenous injections

Question 35

What is the normal stance of the stifle joint?

Answer 35

Flexed in standing posture 140 degrees

Question 36

How many injections do you need for the stifle joint

Answer 36

1 injection for the 3 compartments

Question 37

Clincial significance in the stifle joint

Answer 37

Cranial and cruciate rupture Most susceptible to injury

Question 38

Cranial ligament torn during _______

Answer 38

Hyperextension

Question 39

Caudal ligament torn during _______

Answer 39

hyperflexing

Question 40

How do you test a cranial cruciate rupture?

Answer 40

By stabilizing femur and moving tibia cranially or caudally